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Testing Tools Comparisons

Application Consultant working as a Tech Writer


[https://www.linkedin.com/in/dominikdurejko/](https://www.linkedin.com/in/dominikdurejko/)

Dominik Szahidewicz

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

The last few years were groundbreaking in the context of test automation. Numerous tools and frameworks (Selenium, Cypress, Lambdatest, Tricentis Tosca, Browserstack, etc.) have been introduced and instantly made a positive impact among QA professionals, developers, and project managers. 

**Autify** is a test automation platform with many features: no-code solutions, web application testing, mobile app testing, and many more. In this article, we will explore the best Autify alternatives for test automation in 2023 (based on user reviews and key functionalities).

## What Is Codeless Automation?

[Codeless automation](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/record-and-play-vs-coded-automation-testing/) is a software testing approach that allows users to create and execute automated test scenarios without the need for traditional programming or coding skills. Instead of writing code, testers and quality assurance professionals use intuitive graphical interfaces or drag-and-drop tools to design and configure test cases. 

This approach **simplifies the automation process**, making it accessible to individuals with limited or no coding experience. Codeless automation typically involves the use of pre-built test actions and templates, reducing the time and effort required to set up and maintain automated tests. It enhances the efficiency of software testing by enabling a broader range of team members to contribute to test automation efforts. 


## What is Autify?

**Autify** is a software testing platform that simplifies and streamlines the process of automating software testing. It is designed to empower quality assurance (QA) professionals, testers, and development teams to create and execute automated test scenarios without the need for extensive coding skills. 

It offers a user-friendly interface that allows users to visually design and configure test cases, making it accessible to individuals with limited programming knowledge.

Autify supports various types of testing, including browser testing, cross-browser testing, API testing, and mobile application testing. It integrates seamlessly with popular development and testing tools, making it a valuable addition to DevOps pipelines. 

This platform ultimately helps organizations save time and resources by automating repetitive testing tasks and accelerating the software development lifecycle.

### Autify Pros & Cons

**Pros of Autify:**

**1. Mobile App Testing:** The platform enables automated testing of mobile applications, including both Android and iOS apps. This feature is essential for organizations with mobile app offerings.


**2. API Testing:** Autify allows users to automate API testing, ensuring that the interactions between different software components and services function correctly.


**3. Integration Capabilities:** Autify integrates seamlessly with popular development and testing tools, including CI/CD pipelines, issue tracking systems, and version control systems. This ensures that test automation is an integral part of the software development lifecycle.


**4. Parallel Execution:** Users can run test cases in parallel, significantly reducing the time required for test execution and accelerating the feedback loop.



**Cons of Autify:**


**1. Scalability Challenges**: For large and complex applications with extensive test suites, managing and scaling test automation with Autify may become challenging. It may not be the ideal choice for very large-scale projects.


**2. Dependency on Third-Party Services:** Autify relies on various third-party services and integrations for its functionality. This can lead to occasional disruptions or compatibility issues if these services change or experience downtime.


**3. Learning Curve for Existing Testers:** While Autify is designed to be user-friendly, existing testers accustomed to traditional automation tools may need time to adapt to the codeless approach and the platform's specific features.


**4. Cost Considerations:** Autify is a paid service, and the cost can vary depending on usage and the number of test cases. Organizations should carefully consider their budget and evaluate whether the benefits justify the expenses.


In conclusion, Autify offers a valuable solution for organizations looking to implement codeless automation and streamline their software testing processes. Its pros, such as codeless automation, ease of use, and AI-powered testing, make it a compelling choice for many teams. 

However, its limitations, such as limited scripting control and scalability challenges, may require careful consideration and evaluation to ensure it aligns with your specific testing needs and goals.

## Best Autify Alternatives

While Autify offers an excellent solution for automation testing, it's essential to explore alternative options in the market to make an informed decision for your specific testing needs. Let's take a closer look and compare Autify with its competitors.

### 1. BugBug.io - Easiest Tool in the Market

![BugBug](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_09_18_at_16_12_19_24f97bc80b.png)


**[BugBug](https://bugbug.io/)** stands out as a completely codeless test automation solution. Unlike Autify, BugBug offers a number of key features completely for free. You can simply register your business at the website, install the Chrome extension and you can start your journey with test automation. 

When it comes to pricing, Autify requires additional consultation depending on the number of users, and the size of the business. It also offers a **14-day free trial**. In BugBug there is a clear pricing plan with Freemium full of advanced features. 


**BugBug offers a Freemium plan, which includes:**

- Unlimited tests

- Unlimited local test runs

- Unlimited suites

- Unlimited users

- Components

- Smart waiting conditions

- 7 days of test history

- No Code? No Problem

See all BugBug's [features](https://bugbug.io/features/). 

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

### **Autify vs BugBug**

Here's a comparison of BugBug's features with Autify:

![BugBug vs Autify](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Autify_2_557b36d127.png)


* Read more about the [Smart Click](https://docs.bugbug.io/preventing-failed-tests/smart-click) feature.

* Read more about the [Smart Scroll](https://docs.bugbug.io/preventing-failed-tests/smart-scroll) feature.


**BugBug** offers a tool that can be used by project managers, QA teams, developers, and employees without technical coding skills. You can record new tests simply by clicking in your browser - user experience is one of the best aspects of using the web testing tool. 

The tool automatically captures every click or text input. You do not have to manually insert selectors, it's all very intuitive. The workflow is based on the Chrome extension test recorder. The app opens a new private window in the browser and then you can record clicks and other actions without test scripts.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

### 2. Testim

![testim](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_09_05_at_12_32_42_1ea8d0a349.png)

- Testim also offers a codeless approach to test automation.

- Both Autify and Testim emphasize AI-driven testing.

- Autify may have a more intuitive interface for non-technical users.

**Testim** is a codeless automation software that focuses on AI-powered testing. It offers a straightforward interface for creating and maintaining test scenarios without coding. Testim also provides excellent integration capabilities, ensuring compatibility with popular DevOps tools and services.

### 3. TestRail

![testrail](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/1eedd93e_5687_46fa_a477_ae34e744117b_4849b99b84.png)

- TestRail is primarily a test case management tool but also supports test automation.

- Autify is more focused on end-to-end automation and may provide a more streamlined experience for creating automated tests.

**TestRail** is a test case management and test automation platform. While it does require some scripting for automation, its user-friendly interface and robust reporting capabilities make it a strong contender for organizations looking to enhance their testing processes.

### 4. Testsigma

![testsigma](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/b50c5db8_05e9_48f1_a901_7f721c686918_872b89388c.png)

-  Testsigma is similar to Autify; no coding required

- Both emphasize cloud-based test automation.

- Autify's AI capabilities may differ from Testsigma's approach to test automation.

**Testsigma** is a cloud-based test automation platform that emphasizes no-code test creation. It supports automated browser testing, mobile app testing, and API testing, making it a versatile choice for QA teams.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

### 5. Lambdatest

![lambda test](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/eb1b705e_c69e_4440_bd0a_9ccbaeefc38b_7f4cbf9788.png)

- Lambdatest is mainly a cross-browser testing platform.

- Autify is more comprehensive, covering end-to-end test automation, including UI testing and workflow automation.

**Lambdatest** is a cross-browser testing platform that allows you to test your web applications on various browsers and devices. While it's not entirely codeless, it simplifies cross-browser testing significantly, ensuring your web application's compatibility.


### 6. Katalon Studio

![Katalon](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_09_05_at_12_34_46_108c3d105d.png)

- Katalon Studio combines no code and script-based automation.

- Autify focuses on a no-code approach, making it more accessible to non-technical users.

**Katalon Studio** is a comprehensive test automation tool that combines codeless and script-based automation. It's known for its versatility and supports web, mobile, APIs, and desktop application testing.


### 7. Endtest

![endtest](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/72afb7d6_b208_42a4_80ab_79c4ea846cfe_bc4074a518.png)

- Endtest also provides a no-code test automation solution.

- Autify may differ in terms of features, AI capabilities, and ease of use.

**Endtest** offers a no-code test automation solution with a focus on web applications and mobile apps. It provides a user-friendly interface to create and execute test scenarios.


### 8. Sauce Labs

![ Sauce Labs](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/80f1df16_e3e7_4d47_9b06_636ec9579528_e9e51f177c.png)

- Sauce Labs is a cloud-based platform for automated testing, similar to Autify.

- Autify's no-code approach may be more straightforward for users who want to automate tests without scripting.

**Sauce Labs** is a cloud-based platform for automated testing of web and mobile applications. While it offers extensive automation capabilities, some level of scripting may be necessary for complex scenarios.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Conclusion

In summary, Autify stands out as a no-code test automation platform with a strong focus on AI-driven testing. While other tools may offer codeless or script-based automation, Autify's approach may be more suitable for teams seeking an accessible and efficient way to create and maintain automated tests. 

The choice between these tools would depend on specific project requirements and the level of technical expertise within the QA team.


Happy (automated) testing!

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Top Autify Alternatives in 2023

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

In today's rapidly evolving software development landscape, quality assurance is paramount. Ensuring that software deployment is done flawlessly across various devices and platforms is a challenging task. This is where codeless testing comes into play. 

Tools like Selenium, Testim, Cypress.io, Appium, Autify, and Reflect.run have been widely used as test automation solutions. In this article, we'll explore the concept of codeless tests and introduce you to some of the best alternatives to Reflect.run in 2023.

## What is Codeless Test Automation?

[Codeless test automation](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/record-and-play-vs-coded-automation-testing/) allows QA testers to run automated tests without the need for writing extensive lines of code. This approach simplifies the testing process, making it accessible to a broader range of team members, including project managers with minimal coding experience. 

With codeless automated tests, QA teams can create, execute, and maintain test cases more efficiently, reducing the time and effort required for comprehensive testing.

## What is Reflect.run?

**Reflect.run** is a popular end-to-end software testing platform that has gained recognition for its user-friendly interface and comprehensive testing capabilities. 

It allows users to create and execute automated tests for web applications without writing any code. However, as with any no-code tool, it has its own set of advantages and disadvantages.


###  Reflect.run Pros


**- User-Friendly Interface:** A testing tool is known for its intuitive interface, making it accessible to teams with varying levels of technical expertise. You can create and maintain tests within minutes of registration. 


**- Cross-Browser Testing:** It offers robust cross-browser testing capabilities, allowing engineers to ensure their applications function seamlessly.


**- Efficient Test Execution:** Reflect.run provides parallel test execution, enabling faster testing cycles and quicker feedback.


**- Debug:** It provides interactive debugging capabilities. QA can pause test execution at specific steps to inspect the application's state, variables, and other relevant information. This feature is invaluable for pinpointing issues and understanding what went wrong during a test.


### Reflect.run Cons


**- Limited Customization:** While it's user-friendly, Reflect.run may lack the flexibility needed for highly customized test scenarios.


**- Pricing:** Reflect.run's pricing model may not be budget-friendly for all organizations, particularly smaller ones or startups.


**- Limited self-healing:** Reflect.run does not offer advanced self-healing capabilities as some other tools, it still incorporates some level of robustness.


### Pricing

Reflect.run offers tiered pricing plans, with costs varying based on the number of users and the level of support required. The exact pricing details can be obtained directly from the Reflect.run website.

## Reflect.run Alternatives

Let's explore Reflect alternatives for September 2023:


### 1. BugBug.io - Best e2e Codeless Tool

![BugBug](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_09_18_at_16_12_19_24f97bc80b.png)

**[BugBug](https://bugbug.io/)** stands out from the competitions, offering a user-friendly interface, UI testing, an unlimited amount of test suites, and many more functionalities. 

BugBug.io is a completely codeless testing platform that can be used by not only developers or QA teams. 

You can sign up your business within a few minutes and begin web testing after installing the Chrome extension. After registering you have a **14-day trial** period for Pro plan, which includes the: 

- Unlimited cloud runs

- Schedule

- E-mail notifications

- CI/CD integrations

- APIs Access

- Variables

- 1-month tests history

See all BugBug features.

### **Reflect.run vs BugBug**

Here's a comparison of BugBug's features with Reflect.run:

![BugBug vs Reflect.run](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Reflect_run_3_4c3763fe13.png)


* Read more about the [Smart Click](https://docs.bugbug.io/preventing-failed-tests/smart-click) feature.

* Read more about the [Smart Scroll](https://docs.bugbug.io/preventing-failed-tests/smart-scroll) feature.



**Best Free Plan in the Market**

Compared to Reflect.run's free plan **BugBug offers unlimited tests, test suites, and users**. Reflect.run only provides 5 users for its free subscription. 

After the trial period, you will still have the access to Freemium plan, which for 0 $ features:

- Unlimited tests

- Unlimited local test runs

- Unlimited test suites without writing a line of code

- Unlimited users

- Components

- Smart waiting conditions

- 7 days of test history

**BugBug.Io automated testing tool has some unique features that Reflect.run does not have, such as:**

- The ability to handle multiple tabs and windows within a test

- A configurable selector generator that helps users identify web elements more reliably

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


### 2. Endtest

![endtest](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/72afb7d6_b208_42a4_80ab_79c4ea846cfe_bc4074a518.png)

**Endtest** is a powerful end-to-end test automation platform known for its simplicity and versatility. It supports web applications and mobile apps making it an excellent choice for comprehensive testing needs.

**Usability:** Both tools are known for their user-friendly interfaces, making them suitable for testers with varying levels of technical expertise.

**Testing Capabilities:** Both platforms offer comprehensive web application testing capabilities, with support for various browsers and platforms.

**Pricing:** Pricing may vary based on usage and requirements, so organizations should compare plans to determine the best fit.



### 3. Rainforest QA

![rainforest qa screenshot](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_09_18_at_15_58_08_5621ccb18a.png)

**Rainforest QA** is an open-source solution, that offers a unique approach to QA testing by crowdsourcing testing tasks to a network of testers. This platform is highly scalable and accelerates testing cycles and it's great for visual regression testing, mobile testing. 

**Usability:** Reflect.run and Rainforest QA aims for simplicity, but Reflect.run's interface is particularly user-friendly.

**Testing Capabilities:** Rainforest QA offers crowdsourced testing, which can be beneficial for quick scalability. Reflect.run, on the other hand, focuses on codeless automation.

**Pricing:** Rainforest QA's pricing structure differs from Reflect.run, so organizations should review both pricing models carefully.

Check [Rainforest QA Alternatives](https://bugbug.io/blog/tools-comparisons/rainforest-qa-alternatives/). 


### 4. LambdaTest

![lambda test](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/eb1b705e_c69e_4440_bd0a_9ccbaeefc38b_7f4cbf9788.png)

**LambdaTest** specializes in cross-browser and cross-platform testing, offering a vast array of real devices and browsers for testing web applications.

**Usability:** Both tools offer user-friendly interfaces.

**Testing Capabilities:** LambdaTest specializes in cross-platform testing, which is a significant advantage for web application testing. Reflect focuses on codeless automation but lacks LambdaTest's device and browser diversity.

**Pricing:** Pricing varies, so organizations should assess their specific testing needs and budget constraints.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


### 5. Postman

![Postman](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/postman_4ab7c4a187.png)

While primarily known as an API testing tool, **Postman** has expanded its capabilities to include codeless automation for API testing, making it a valuable choice for API-driven applications.

**Usability:** Reflect and Postman offer user-friendly experiences, but Postman primarily focuses on API testing.

**Testing Capabilities:** Postman is an industry-standard tool for API testing, while Reflect is designed for web application testing.

**Pricing:** Pricing models differ, so organizations should consider their testing requirements and choose accordingly.


### 6. UiPath

![uipath](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/uipath_1e109a6018.png)

**UiPath** is a robust automation platform that extends beyond testing to include robotic process automation (RPA). It is suitable for organizations seeking end-to-end automation solutions.

**Usability:** Both platforms offer user-friendly interfaces and a great front-end testing experience, but UiPath extends its capabilities beyond testing to robotic process automation (RPA).

**Testing Capabilities:** Reflect is primarily focused on codeless web application testing, while UiPath offers a broader range of automation solutions, including RPA.

**Pricing:** Pricing structures may vary significantly, and organizations should evaluate their automation needs before selecting either tool.


### 7. BrowserStack

![browserstack](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/browserstack_4ecbcb4706.png)

**BrowserStack** is a cloud-based testing platform offering a wide range of real devices and browsers for comprehensive testing across different environments (regression testing, web, and mobile applications testing)

**Usability:** Both platforms aim to provide user-friendly experiences.

**Testing Capabilities:** BrowserStack is well-known for its extensive device and browser coverage for cross-browser testing. Reflect is more focused on codeless automation for web applications.

**Pricing:** Organizations should consider the cost of testing across various browsers and devices when comparing these two options.


### 8. Sauce Labs

![ Sauce Labs](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/80f1df16_e3e7_4d47_9b06_636ec9579528_e9e51f177c.png)

**Sauce Labs** is a popular choice for continuous testing in CI/CD pipelines. It supports both manual and automated testing, including visual testing for web apps.

**Usability:** Both tools offer user-friendly experiences for browser tests

**Testing Capabilities:** Sauce Labs is often used for continuous testing in CI/CD pipelines and offers both manual and automated testing capabilities, including codeless automation. Reflect primarily focuses on codeless web application testing.

**Pricing:** Pricing models may differ, and organizations should align the cost with their specific testing requirements and integration needs.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Conclusion

In conclusion, codeless test automation has become an essential part of the high-quality software testing landscape, enabling organizations to streamline their testing processes and improve software quality. 


While Reflect.run is a notable player in this field, there are several alternatives available in 2023, each with its unique features and strengths. The choice of the best alternative depends on your specific testing requirements, budget, and team expertise. 

Evaluating these alternatives will help you find the perfect fit for your organization's testing needs.


Happy (automated) testing!

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Top Reflect.run Alternatives in 2023

Software Testing Knowledge

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]


Selecting the right tool and adhering to best practices is paramount for achieving efficient and effective testing processes. One tool that has gained significant popularity among developers and quality assurance professionals is **Cypress**. 

In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the service, explore its advantages and disadvantages, and outline best practices for harnessing its full potential in your test automation endeavors.

![Cypress Best Practices](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/let_me_introduce_66913b919c_842c5be422.jpeg)


## What is Cypress?

**Cypress** is an open-source JavaScript [e2e testing](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/what-is-end-to-end-testing/) framework designed for modern web applications. The automation tool operates directly within the browser, allowing developers to write test cases with real-time feedback. 

It provides a robust set of capabilities for performing tasks such as interacting with web elements, simulating user actions, and making assertions about the application's behavior. After local installation you can perform one of the common testing scenarios: checking login page functionality. 

Cypress is a cutting-edge front-end testing tool that has rapidly gained popularity for its ability to streamline and enhance the process of conducting comprehensive tests on web applications. 

It provides a robust environment for creating and running testing suites, making it an indispensable tool for modern software development teams. Here, we'll delve into the world of Cypress and explore key concepts and best practices associated with it.

**- Test Suites and Test Cases:**

Cypress enables developers to organize their testing efforts effectively through the use of test suites and test cases. A test suite refers to a collection of related test cases, and each test case is an individual test. Cypress excels at running both unit testing and end-to-end (E2E) testing scenarios.


**- Running Tests:**

Using Cypress, you can execute tests in a controlled manner. It provides a user-friendly Cypress runner that allows you to initiate and manage test runs with ease. You can interact with the test cases using the UI, overseeing the progress of every test case.


**- Defining Tests:**

Defining a test in Cypress is straightforward. You can use the it function to specify each test case within your test code. These tests are typically organized into separate test specs to ensure isolation and clarity in your testing efforts.


**- Cypress Cloud:**

Cypress offers a cloud-based solution called Cypress Cloud, which facilitates running and managing tests in a distributed environment. This is particularly useful when you have a large number of test cases, such as 10 test cases or more, and you want to leverage the power of cloud resources to speed up testing.


**- Test Data and Assertions:**

When writing tests in Cypress, it's important to include test data and assertions to guard Cypress from proceeding until an explicit condition is met. This helps ensure that your tests accurately reflect the state of your application and produce reliable results.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Advantages of Using Cypress

**1. Real-Time Debugging**

Cypress offers real-time debugging capabilities, enabling developers to pause test execution, inspect the application's state, and troubleshoot issues directly from the browser. This feature greatly expedites the debugging process and enhances productivity.


**2. Automatic Waiting**

One of Cypress's standout features is its automatic waiting. It intelligently waits for elements to become interactive or visible before executing actions, eliminating the need for manual timeouts and ensuring test stability.


**3. Interactive Test Runner**

Cypress provides an interactive test runner that displays the application in one pane and the test's commands and assertions in another. This split-screen view facilitates real-time validation and aids in identifying issues quickly.


**4. Consistent and Reliable Tests**

With Cypress, you can write consistent and reliable tests due to its automatic retries and assertions. Tests automatically retry failed commands, reducing false negatives and improving test stability.


**5. Seamless Integrations**

Cypress seamlessly integrates with various Continuous Integration (CI) tools, making it easy to incorporate automated tests into your CI/CD pipeline. It supports platforms like Travis CI, CircleCI, Jenkins, Github and more.

## Disadvantages of Using Cypress

While Cypress offers numerous advantages, it's essential to consider its limitations:


**1. Limited Browser Support**

Cypress primarily supports Chromium-based browsers, which may limit its compatibility with applications that require testing across a wide range of browsers.


**2. No Cross-Domain Testing**

Due to browser security restrictions, Cypress cannot test applications across different domains in a single test. This limitation can be challenging when working with complex web ecosystems.


**3. No Support for Native Mobile Apps**

Cypress is focused on web application testing and does not support testing of native mobile applications, unlike some other testing tools.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Cypress Best Practices You Need for Testing


### 1. Stay Organized!

Organizing your tests is crucial for maintaining a scalable and maintainable test suite. Avoid sharing page objects, as this can lead to code duplication and brittle tests. Instead, write test specs in isolation, ensuring that every test case is self-contained and does not rely on the state left by previous tests.

Additionally, avoid using the application's UI to log in during tests. Instead, programmatically log into your application using API calls or other methods. This approach ensures that your tests are not dependent on the login process and can run independently. 

### 2. Run Tests Intelligently

As your test suite expands and its execution time increases, you might encounter issues in the CI system. You should integrate your version control system with your test suite in a way that prevents merges until all your tests have successfully passed. However, it's important to acknowledge that this approach can result in longer test execution times, which can slow down the process of merging branches and delivering new features. This issue can become even more pronounced when you have chains of dependent branches awaiting merging.

One effective solution to mitigate this problem is to implement **Smart Orchestration** through Cypress Cloud. Smart Orchestration leverages a combination of parallelization, load balancing, Auto Cancellation, and Spec Prioritization to optimize your available computing resources and minimize resource wastage. 


This approach enables you to maintain a high level of efficiency in your testing processes while accommodating the scaling demands of a growing test suite.

### 3. Select Elements with Data-* Attributes

When selecting elements for your tests, avoid using selectors based on CSS attributes such as id, class, or tag, as they are prone to changes. Instead, use `data-*` attributes to provide context to your selectors. Elements with data-* attributes are more stable and less likely to break when the application's styling or behavior changes.

### 4. Don't Start Your Back End Web Server From Within Cypress

Every command executed through `cy.exec()` or `cy.task()` must eventually terminate; otherwise, Cypress will be unable to proceed with any other commands.

Attempting to launch a web server using `cy.exec()` or `cy.task()` introduces a range of complications due to the following reasons:

1. You must background the process.
2. You lose the ability to interact with it through the terminal.
3. Access to its standard output (stdout) or logs becomes unavailable.
4. You need to handle the intricacies of starting an already running web server every time your tests run.
5. Frequent port conflicts are likely to arise.

As for shutting down the process in an after hook, it's not a reliable solution because there is no assurance that code within an after hook will always execute. In the Test Runner, you can restart or refresh the environment during a test, which can prevent the code in an after hook from running when such interruptions occur.


### 5. Use Cypress Testing Library

Cypress works well with the Testing Library project, which promotes writing tests that resemble how users interact with your application. You can use library package to access familiar testing library methods for selecting elements in Cypress specs. This aligns with best practices for user-centered testing.

### 6. Use Aliases and Closures to Access and Store what Commands Yield You.

Cypress commands are asynchronous and do not return values that you can assign with const, let, or var. Instead, use aliases and closures to access and store the values or elements returned by Cypress commands. This ensures that you work with the correct values during test execution.

### 7. Only Test Websites That You Control

Use `cy.request()` to communicate with 3rd-party servers via their APIs, if necessary.

When you need to run a test, focus on testing websites and servers that you control. Avoid attempting to interact with or test third-party websites or services, as this can lead to various issues, including time-consuming tests and potential blocks or bans.

If you must interact with third-party services, consider using cy.request() to communicate with their APIs programmatically. Cache results using `cy.session()` to avoid repeat visits and improve test performance.

### 8. Run Independent Tests

It's essential to write tests that are independent of each other and can be run in any order. Avoid coupling multiple tests together, as this can lead to unreliable and unpredictable test results.

To achieve this, use `before` or `beforeEach` hooks to set up the initial state for each test. This ensures that tests start with a clean slate and do not depend on the state left by previous tests.

### 9. Run Small Tests with a Single Assertion

Cypress stands apart from conventional unit testing by executing a sequence of asynchronous lifecycle events that effectively reset the testing environment between each test case. Consequently, employing individual assertions within separate tests can significantly slow down test execution and severely impact performance.

Opting for multiple assertions within a single test is a more efficient approach compared to creating distinct tests. Therefore, feel confident about incorporating multiple assertions within a single test. Each test run is saved into Cypress Cloud App. 

### 10. Use Data Attributes When Selecting Elements

One of the foundational principles of effective E2E testing is selecting elements in a way that's resilient to changes in your application's codebase. To achieve this, prefer using custom data attributes like `data-cy` or `data-testid` when identifying elements for testing. These attributes are explicitly designed for testing purposes and are less likely to change due to styling or behavior updates.

### 11. Independent it() Blocks

When writing test cases in Cypress, it's essential to ensure that `each it()` block is independent of others. Avoid dependencies between test cases, as this allows for better test isolation. If one test fails, it won't impact the execution of other tests.

This approach ensures that the test suite remains stable and reliable even as it grows in complexity.

### 12. Use Dynamic Waiting

Avoid static waits, such as `cy.wait(timeout)`, when waiting for page actions like loading or API responses. Static waits can lead to unnecessary delays and brittle tests. Instead, consider using `cy.intercept()` to wait for specific API responses before proceeding with your test.

javascript

`cy.intercept('POST', '**/login').as('login'); cy.visit("/") cy.wait('@login')`

Dynamic waits speed up script execution and make your tests more efficient and reliable.

### 13. Leverage `before()`, `beforeEach()`, `after()`, and `afterEach()`

To eliminate repetitive code at the beginning or end of each test case, utilize Cypress hooks like `before()`, `beforeEach()`, `after()`, and `afterEach()`. These hooks allow you to execute common setup and teardown code for multiple test cases.

For example, you can set up a common base URL for all your tests in the before() hook, reducing redundancy and improving maintainability.

### 14. Adding BaseUrl in the Config File

Hardcoding the base URL in each spec file's `before()` block can lead to inefficiencies and inconsistencies. Instead, define the base URL in the `cypress.json` configuration file to ensure that all spec files use the same base URL. This practice streamlines your test setup and makes it more professional.

### 15. Define Scripts in package.json

To simplify the execution of Cypress commands, define them in the scripts section of your project's `package.json` file. This allows you to run commands using a user-defined name, enhancing the clarity and ease of running tests.

### 16. Harness Cypress's Unique Features

Cypress offers several unique features that set it apart from other testing tools:

**- Time Travel:** Cypress captures snapshots of your application during test execution, allowing you to rewind to any point in your test script. This feature simplifies debugging and error identification.


**- Retry-ability:** Cypress's automatic retry mechanism ensures that tests proceed as soon as assertions pass, reducing the need for hard-coded waits. This feature is especially useful for testing dynamic web applications.


**- Effective Element Selection:** Cypress's `cy.get()` method efficiently locates web elements without explicit waits, making tests faster and more reliable.


**- Spies, Stubs, and Clocks:** Cypress provides tools to verify and control functions, server responses, and timers, offering the flexibility and control typically associated with unit testing.

### 17. Run Cypress Tests in Parallel

To expedite test execution and achieve faster feedback, consider running Cypress tests in parallel using cloud infrastructure services like BrowserStack. Parallelization can significantly reduce the time it takes to complete your test suite, allowing for quicker integration and deployment cycles.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Conclusion

By following these [Cypress](https://www.cypress.io/) best practices, you can create robust and efficient E2E tests that ensure your web application performs flawlessly. While implementing some of these practices may initially seem challenging, the long-term benefits of improved test stability and faster execution are well worth the effort. 


Cypress has revolutionized test automation with its unique features, and when used effectively, it can be a game-changer for your testing efforts.



Happy (automated) testing!



## FAQ - Cypress Best Practices

### 1. What Is Cypress?

Cypress is a powerful JavaScript-based end-to-end testing framework for web applications.

### 2. How Does Cypress Work?

Cypress runs directly in the browser and executes commands in the same run loop as the application being tested. This allows you to programmatically control and interact with the application.

### 3. What Are Some Common Cypress Best Practices?

Some common Cypress best practices include: relying on the state instead of waiting for specific elements, using single assertions per test, using descriptive test and command names, organizing test files into logical groups, using custom commands for repetitive actions, using fixtures to add test data, and leveraging Cypress's automatic waiting and retrying. 

### 4. How Can I Define a Custom Command in Cypress?

You can define a custom command in Cypress by adding the command in the "commands.js" file or by defining the command in the "support" folder using the "defineCommand" method. You can then use this custom command in any of your test files.

### 5. How Can I Add test data in Cypress?

You can add test data in Cypress by using fixtures. Fixtures are JSON files that contain data that can be loaded into your tests using the "fixture" command. This allows you to easily include predefined data in your tests.

### 6. How Does Cypress Handle Test Cases in a Spec File?

Cypress runs each test case in a spec file independently. This means that each test case starts from a clean state and has no knowledge of the previous test cases. This allows for better isolation and makes tests more reliable.

### 7. What is end-to-end (e2e) testing in Cypress?

End-to-end (e2e) testing in Cypress refers to testing the entire web application, including the user interface and integration with external systems. It focuses on ensuring that all parts of the application work together correctly and meet the desired requirements.

### 8. How Can I perform Cypress Test Automation?

You can perform test automation by writing test scripts that can interact with your web application, execute various actions, and verify the expected results. Cypress provides a rich set of commands and assertions to make the automation process easier and more efficient.

### 10. How Does Cypress Solve the Major Issues in Test Automation?

Cypress solves the major issues in test automation by running directly in the browser and executing commands in the same run loop as the application being tested. This eliminates the need for flaky and unreliable wait times, as Cypress automatically waits for elements and actions to complete before proceeding. 

Additionally, Cypress provides powerful assertion capabilities and automatic retries, making it easier to write robust and reliable tests.




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Cypress Best Practices: Test Automation Guide

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]


In the world of automation testing and web scraping, XPath is an invaluable tool. XPath allows you to navigate through the Document Object Model (DOM) of HTML and XML documents, making it a crucial skill for anyone involved in test automation or data extraction. 

XPath in Selenium is widely used to locate and interact with elements on web pages. Selenium Webdriver provides several methods for finding web elements using XPath expressions. In this guide, we will explore XPath locators, delve into their essentials, syntax, types, and functions, and provide you with an exhaustive cheat sheet to boost your XPath proficiency.


![xpath cheat sheet](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/i_came_from_0c5f74bdfa_cf07b3471a.jpeg)

**Check out also our other Cheat Sheets:**

- [Cypress Cheat Sheet](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/cypress-cheat-sheet/)

- [Playwright Cheat Sheet](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/playwright-cheat-sheet/)

- [Selenium Cheat Sheet](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/selenium-cheat-sheet/)


## What is XPath Locator?

XPath locator, often simply referred to as XPath, is a language used for navigating and querying XML or HTML documents. It provides a way to locate and select elements within the document's structure, making it an essential tool for automating interactions with web applications using libraries like Selenium.


## XPath Essentials

### 1. Syntax and Structure

XPath expressions are written using a combination of elements, operators, functions, and axes. The syntax is hierarchical, resembling a directory structure, with forward slashes ("/") used to traverse through nodes.


### 2. Key Axes and Node Types

XPath offers various axes (e.g., child, parent, sibling) to navigate the DOM, and it recognizes different node types (e.g., element, attribute, text) that can be selected.


### 3. Common Functions

XPath includes a set of useful functions for manipulating strings, numbers, and other data types, enhancing the power and flexibility of your queries.


## XPath Types

Absolute and relative XPath are two different approaches for locating elements in an XML or HTML document using XPath expressions. They are commonly used in web automation testing, particularly with tools like Selenium. 

Here's an explanation of each:

### Absolute XPath Expression

Absolute XPath specifies the exact and full path from the root element of the document to the target element. It starts with a single forward slash ("/") and then lists all the elements in the hierarchy, separated by forward slashes, leading to the target element.

**Pros:**
- It provides an exact and unique path to the element, which can be useful in situations where there are multiple elements with similar attributes.


**Cons:**
- It can be long and prone to breakage if the structure of the page changes, making it less maintainable.

- Absolute XPaths are less flexible because they specify the full path from the root, so any changes to the document structure above the target element can break the XPath.


### Relative XPath

Relative XPath, also known as a partial XPath, specifies the path to the target element based on its position or attributes relative to other elements in the DOM, without starting from the root element. It typically starts with a double forward slash ("//") and then specifies conditions or attributes that lead to the desired element.


**Pros:**
- It is more flexible and resilient to changes in the document structure because it doesn't rely on the entire path from the root.

- Relative XPaths are shorter and easier to read and maintain.


**Cons:**
- If the document structure changes significantly, a relative XPath might not be specific enough and could select unintended elements.


In summary, absolute XPath provides the full path from the root element, offering precision but less flexibility and maintainability. Relative XPath, on the other hand, offers flexibility by specifying the path relative to the current context, making it more robust against changes but potentially less precise in complex document structures. 

The choice between them depends on the specific requirements of your automation task and the stability of the target elements in the document.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## XPath Types

XPath operates on different types of data within XML documents, including nodes (elements, attributes, text, etc.) and values (strings, numbers, booleans, etc.). Understanding these types is crucial for constructing effective XPath expressions.

## XPath Syntax

XPath expressions are written using a specific syntax that allows you to traverse and query an XML document. The syntax includes a combination of elements, functions, operators, and axes to specify the elements you want to target.


## XPath Selectors

XPath selectors are the components of an XPath expression that define the criteria for selecting nodes or data from an XML document. These selectors include elements, attributes, text, and more, depending on the XPath expression's purpose.

Our team has created [the No-code XPath Selector Builder](https://bugbug.io/xpath-selector-builder/) so you can generate reliable XPath selectors without extensive XPath knowledge. 


## XPath Expressions

XPath expressions are the heart of XPath language. They are used to define a path within an XML document to locate specific nodes or values. XPath expressions consist of a series of location steps separated by slashes, and they can include predicates, functions, and more.


## XPath Axes

Axes in XPath are used to define the relationship between nodes in an XML document. They help you navigate the document's structure by specifying the direction in which you want to move from the current node. Common axes include child, parent, ancestor, descendant, sibling, and attribute axes.


## XPath Operators

XPath includes a set of operators that you can use in your expressions to compare, combine, or filter nodes and values. Some common operators in XPath include equality operators (e.g., =, !=), arithmetic operators (e.g., +, -, *, /), and logical operators (e.g., and, or, not).


## XPath Functions
XPath provides a wide range of built-in functions that allow you to perform various operations on nodes and values. These functions can be used to extract data, manipulate strings, perform mathematical calculations, and more. Examples of XPath functions include text(), contains(), substring(), and count().


## Debug Console for XPath

Effective debugging is crucial when working with XPath locators. Learning how to use the browser's developer tools to test and refine your XPath queries can save you time and frustration.


## Tips and Best Practices

### 1. Avoid Common Pitfalls

**- Keep it Simple:** Avoid creating overly complex expressions. Simplicity often leads to greater readability and less error-prone code.

**- Avoid Absolute Paths:** Using absolute paths (e.g., /html/body/div[1]/p[2]) can make your XPath fragile and prone to breaking if the HTML structure changes. Prefer relative paths whenever possible.

**- Be Specific:** Make your expressions as specific as needed to target the elements you want. Avoid using wildcards (*) when more precise expressions can be used.

**- Use Predicates Wisely:** While predicates (filters) are useful, don't overuse them. Too many predicates can make your expressions hard to read and maintain.

**- Consider Cross-Browser Compatibility:** Test your expressions in multiple browsers to ensure they work consistently. Different browsers may interpret XPath slightly differently.


### 2. Optimize for Performance

**- Use Efficient Selectors:** Choose the most efficient selector for your task. For example, prefer ID selectors (//*[@id='myId']) over complex hierarchical paths when possible.

**- Limit the Use of //:** The // selector can be slow because it searches the entire document. Whenever you can, specify a more direct path to the element you need.

**- Cache Elements:** If you need to interact with the same element multiple times, cache it instead of repeatedly locating it with XPath. This reduces overhead.

**- Minimize XPath Calls:** Reduce the number of XPath evaluations in your code. Each evaluation consumes time. Store elements in variables and reuse them.

**- Test Performance:** Measure the performance of your test automation with profiling tools to identify bottlenecks related to XPath usage.


### 3. Debug Effectively

**- Use Browser DevTools:** Most browsers have built-in tools for testing and debugging expressions. You can use these tools to evaluate and refine your XPath.

**- Output Results:** Print the results of your XPath queries to the console during debugging. This helps you verify that you're selecting the right elements.

**- Step Through Code:** Use breakpoints and step-by-step debugging in your testing framework to inspect the state of your application and XPath results at different points in your code.

**- Comment Your XPath:** Add comments in your code to explain complex or non-obvious expressions. This makes it easier for you and your team to understand the purpose of each XPath.

**- Regularly Review and Refactor:** Periodically review and refactor your expressions. As your application evolves, XPath may need adjustment to stay reliable.


->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Cheat Sheet

To make your life easier, we've compiled a handy cheat sheet with quick-reference tables for common expressions, functions, and operators. 

This cheat sheet is your go-to resource when working with XPath in your automation testing or web scraping projects.


### Basic XPath Syntax:

-  `/` - Selects from the root node.

- `//` - Selects nodes anywhere in the document.

- `.` - Represents the current node.

- `..` - Represents the parent of the current node.


### Selectors:

- `element` - Selects all elements with the given name.

- `@attribute` - Selects the value of the specified attribute.

- `*` - Selects all child elements.

- `text()` - Selects the text within an element.

- `[predicate]` - Adds a condition to filter nodes.


### Predicates:


- `[name='value']` - Selects nodes with the specified attribute value.

- `[position()]` - Selects nodes based on their position.

- `[last()]` - Selects the last node of a given type.

- `[contains(@attribute, 'value')]` - Selects nodes with attribute values containing 'value'.

- `[not(predicate)]` - Negates a condition.


### Axes:

- `ancestor::` - Selects all ancestors.

- `ancestor-or-self::` - Selects ancestors and the current node.

- `child::` - Selects all children.

- `descendant::` - Selects all descendants.

- `descendant-or-self::` - Selects descendants and the current node.

- `following::` - Selects all following nodes.

- `following-sibling::` - Selects following siblings.

- `parent::` - Selects the parent node.

- `preceding::` - Selects all preceding nodes.

- `preceding-sibling::`- Selects preceding siblings.

- `self::` - Selects the current node.


### Operators:

- `=` - Equal to.

- `!=` - Not equal to.

- `<` - Less than.

- `<=` - Less than or equal to.

- `>` - Greater than.

- `>=` - Greater than or equal to.

- `and` - Logical AND.

- `or` - Logical OR.

- `not` - Logical NOT.


### Functions (Examples):

- `name()` - Returns the name of the current node.

- `count(nodes)` - Returns the number of nodes in the node-set.

- `concat(string1, string2)` - Concatenates two strings.

- `substring(string, start, length)` - Returns a substring.

- `contains(string, substr)` - Checks if a string contains a substring.

- `normalize-space(string)` - Removes leading/trailing whitespace and collapses spaces.


### Examples:

- `/bookstore/book` - Selects all book elements in the root bookstore.

- `//title[text()='XPath']` - Selects title elements with text 'XPath' anywhere in the document.

- `//*[@id='myId']` - Selects elements with the attribute id equal to 'myId'.

- `/bookstore/book[position()=1]` - Selects the first book element.

- `//div[@class='highlight']//p` - Selects p elements within div with class 'highlight'.

- `//a[contains(@href, 'example.com')]` - Selects a elements with 'example.com' in the href attribute.


->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Conclusion

XPath is an indispensable tool for automation testing and web scraping. With a solid understanding of its syntax, types, and best practices, you can become a master of XPath locators. 

Armed with our XPath cheat sheet and the knowledge gained from this guide, you are well-equipped to tackle even the most complex automation tasks and DOM structures with confidence. So, go forth and automate with precision using XPath!

Read more about how to create robust XPath selectors in our [Ultimate Beginner's Guide](https://bugbug.io/xpath-selector-builder/) for every tester. 


Happy (automated) testing!

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The Ultimate XPath Cheat Sheet

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CI/CD Interview Questions and Answers

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]


In today's digital landscape, ensuring that your application functions seamlessly from start to finish is a critical aspect of software development. One powerful approach to achieve this is through user journey testing. 

Customer journey [end-to-end tests](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/what-is-end-to-end-testing/) offer an insight into application's usability (especially in the context of UX research) as it replicates the steps of a typical user inside the application or browser. 


## What are User Journeys?

User journeys are the paths that users take as they interact with a software application, from their initial contact with the interface to the final accomplishment of their goal. Journey encompasses a series of steps, which may involve different features, pages, or functionalities of the application. 

These journeys are diverse, as they reflect the variety of actions users can perform within an application, such as signing up, making a purchase, or submitting a form. They can be represented visually as a user journey map.


## What is a User Journey Testing?

E2E Journey Test is a type of usability testing method in software development that focuses on simulating the complete path a user takes while interacting with a mobile app or website. 

This approach aims to **replicate the real-world user experience by following a series of steps and actions** that a person would perform to achieve a specific user goal or task within the software.

The primary objective of a user journey testing sessions is to assess how well different components, functionalities, and interfaces of an application work together to deliver a seamless and satisfying user experience. 

This method goes beyond evaluating individual features in isolation and instead tests the end-to-end workflow that user follows, ensuring that all components integrate smoothly and perform as expected. 


## Best Practises for User Journey Testing

Best practices for User Journey Tests include:

**1. Identify Critical User Journeys:** Prioritize user paths that align with your business goals or are frequently used by your target audience.

**2. Identify Different Scenarios:** Users interact with applications in various ways. Make sure you cover different scenarios, including positive and negative cases, edge cases, and variations in user needs and inputs.

**3. Use Realistic Test Data:** Utilize realistic and diverse test data that mimics actual user behavior. This includes using valid and invalid inputs, different user roles, and varying data combinations.

**4. Create Clear Test Scripts:** Document the steps and interactions. Clear and well-structured test scripts ensure consistency and accuracy during testing and help other team members understand the entire process.

**5. Automate:** Test automation tools can significantly speed up the process while ensuring repeatability and accuracy.

**6. Isolate Environments:** Use isolated testing environments to prevent interference from other ongoing tests or changes. 

**7. API Testing Integration:** Integrate API testing to validate the communication between different components.

**8. Parallel Testing:** Run multiple tests in parallel to save time and accelerate the testing process. 

**9. Monitor and Analyze Results:** Regularly monitor and analyze the results. Identify patterns, trends, and areas of improvement. Act on any issues identified promptly to ensure a smooth user experience.

**10. Feedback Loop:** Encourage collaboration between developers, testers, and user experience design teams. Regularly gather feedback and collaborate to refine and improve customer journey.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Benefits of User Journey Tests


User journey testing offers several benefits that contribute to a higher-quality user experience and more reliable software:

**- Realistic Testing:** By simulating real customer experience, you can show more accurate test results that represent how the application functions in a real-world scenario.

**- End-to-End Validation:** User journey tests validate the entire application workflow, detecting integration issues that might go unnoticed with unit or component testing.

**- Improved Bug Detection:** This approach helps identify complex bugs and glitches that arise from the interactions between different components of the application.

**- Enhanced User Satisfaction:** Consistently delivering a smooth user experience increases user satisfaction and loyalty, leading to better retention rates.

**- Reduced Development Costs:** Detecting and addressing issues early in the development process can help avoid costly fixes later on.


## How to Run User Journey Tests in BugBug?

With BugBug we could verify holistic and typical functionality of an online shop. We can set up a scenario where first we choose an item, add it to the cart and then proceed to the payment. 


1. Log in and create a new test on [bugbug.io](https://bugbug.io/)


2. Create a new test

![bugbug create new test](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/spaces_M_Kixge_B_Pb_Lvn_D0l1ei_V_uploads_S_Vab_Xz_KBYBD_13_X_Bp_AR_Xb_Zrzut_ekranu_2023_03_15_111506_ac3ab54cef.webp)

3. Enter the URL of the web app or website that you want to test

![bugbug test automation tool](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/spaces_M_Kixge_B_Pb_Lvn_D0l1ei_V_uploads_Bqsl_G_Ij_ET_Fs_Bom7h_U_Yz_M_bugbug_guide_03_be98d6485e.webp)

4. Click "Start recording" - if you installed the extension, the incognito Chrome browser window should appear

![BugBug Test Recorder](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/spaces_M_Kixge_B_Pb_Lvn_D0l1ei_V_uploads_De_G_Hov_Pyw9_Qrv7z34cp_S_bugbug_guide_05_fd3f3c6149.webp)

5. Carefully click the elements to navigate - each click will be recorded automatically


6. When you are ready with the test case click the Finish and close button in the overlay menu on the right
BugBug test recorder


7. Now run the test to see if everything was correctly recorded

![test run in cloud](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Frame_63_1_1ad656e4d3.png)

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Conclusion

Creating [end-to-end tests](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/what-is-end-to-end-testing/) that faithfully replicate user journeys is an essential practice in software development. These tests go beyond mere functionality checks to simulate the complete paths users take through an application. By doing so, they ensure that all aspects of the user experience work harmoniously together and ensure customer loyalty. 


Happy (automated) testing!



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What is User Journey Testing? Guide for Software Testers

Reliable, modern end-to-end test automation tool that improves testers’ and developers’ work.


Before you release your product into the market, it is extremely important to properly test whether it’s functioning as intended. To do that, software developers utilize a variety of testing techniques that verify the software’s integrity. To thoroughly check their software from start to finish, developers implement **End-to-End testing**, often simply called **E2E** testing – an elaborate technique that mimics end user experience. 

There are many layers to End to End testing, as it is one of the most complex testing methods. This type of testing involves testing every part of your software that the end-user interacts with in any imaginable way.

With this guide, we want to show you the importance of E2E tests, as well as tell you precisely what they are, including a few specific examples.

**Also see:** if you're new to software automation, take a look at this [beginner's guide to automation with step-by-step screenshots](https://docs.bugbug.io/in-depth-guides/beginners-tutorial-to-automation-testing).

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

## What exactly is End-to-End testing?

**End-to-End testing** is one of the most useful and informative techniques for software testing, providing valuable data about the inner workings of the program from the end-user perspective. With E2E testing, developers can thoroughly verify the behaviour of their software. During the test, you will be trying to replicate key user behaviour scenarios when using your software. The actual list of things to do varies, depending on the type of software you’re testing – but in all cases, it is rather extensive.

When performing a software testing method, like an End-to-End test on a web application, you would start with opening your browser and navigating to the proper URL, and then proceeding to use the software as intended for the end-user.

Similarly, in the case of a regular desktop application or mobile application, you would open the app just like a user would, checking out every bit of functionality that is intended for the users to work with. Keep in mind that during E2E testing you won’t need to check developer-specific aspects of the software, only the end-user perspective if it is important to you.

## End-to-End test goals

During an E2E test, your goal is to verify all of the dependencies and data integrity that directly or indirectly influence the reception of the software by the end-user. This usually includes any external services, as well as databases used by the software and metrics, as well as any other system dependencies. 

E2E tests will ideally be performed in the production environment, but this isn’t always possible. The tests can, of course, be performed in an independent End-to-End testing environment, but you should make sure it is as close to the production environment as possible.

Within the SDLC process, E2E tests are performed in the Testing phase, which is situated after Coding and before Deployment. 
->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Why is End-to-End testing important?

Is End-to-End testing necessary? It is true that more and more developers make sure to implement an E2E testing phase before the final deployment of their software. There are many benefits to E2E tests, but the most crucial ones are:

- The ability to verify software performance from the end-user perspective
- Testing verifies not only the software itself but also any interrelated sub systems, increasing test coverage
- Validation of back-end systems
- Immediate end-user-like feedback on test failing

While tests such as unit testing or integration testing are very useful (functional testing), allowing you to verify the working of each component and providing quick results, they don’t give you the whole picture. By not performing E2E tests, you won’t know how the experience of using your software will look like from the end-user perspective.

For example, individual component testing (integration tests) might show promising results and full functionality. However, when combined, something goes wrong and produces a bug. By only checking individual components, you wouldn’t be able to find out about the bug. 

With a proper End-to-End test, you can verify whether everything works correctly together as it should. Even integration testing doesn’t cover all of the system components of your software, and you might never know whether every aspect of your app clicks together.

E2E testing doesn’t necessarily have to discover bugs – it can also give you useful insight into the user scenario of your product. Overall, all types of tests play their respective roles in the whole vertical end-to-end testing process (differently to horizontal end-to-end tests). Just because E2E tests give you a more complex understanding of your software as a whole doesn’t mean that other test types are less valuable. 

Before releasing your app, always make sure to proceed with a thought-through testing strategy. However, while they’re certainly extremely useful, keep in mind that E2E tests occupy the top of the testing pyramid, making them the most expensive and most difficult to perform.

End-to-End testing is also one of the few functional types of tests that can be performed manually, as well as automated - which is done especially often in Continuous Integration. In such a scenario, a chosen set of tests can be run automatically each time a new iteration is uploaded to the testing server.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Benefits of end-to-end testing

One of the goals of this software testing technique is to simulate the end-user's perspective. This means that this type of testing helps to verify not only the security or performance, but the business aspect as well. It will check whether the software collects and processes data as it was designed to do. End-to-end testing is essential for a comprehensive validation of your product. This testing ensures that all integrated parts of the application work together as expected.

Another purpose of E2E testing is to mitigate risks. E2E testing verifies if the software is ready for deployment. The confidence in stability is a crucial factor which the stakeholders consider while approving the next release. 

There are obviously much more obvious benefits of this form of testing (like bug fixing or testing across different user scenarios), but we described them already in this article.

## End-to-End Testing Framework

Alright, so now you know what End-to-End testing is – but how to exactly implement it? There is a wide variety of checks and individual tests that must be covered by your end-to-end testing plan, some of which include:

- Establishing test requirements in the preparation phase (including software and hardware requirements)
- Creating proper documentation
- Deciding what type of test environment will be used (production environment or independent test environment)
- Preparation of test cases and general E2E design
- Tracking of data input and output
- Test execution and evaluation

When executing E2E testing methods, developers usually follow an established E2E testing framework that guides you throughout the process, enumerating various tasks and responsibilities. The framework is relatively simple and consists of only three elements:

### Establish user functions

The User Functions relates to listing the features of your software, as well as all of its interconnected software systems. To properly measure and test software functionality, you need to first think about what you’re going to test. After you’re finished with listing user functions, remember to record everything relevant to each of them, including both the input and output data. Since E2E testing can be considered holistic, you also need to pay attention to all of the relations between every individual function – how they work together and whether there are any clashes.

### Come up with specific conditions

Now that you have established the user functions you’re going to test, you need to think about the testing conditions. Try to come up with as many quantifiable indicators that can be measured for each of the functions. These can range from response time to consistency of data flow, to simple convenience of use. Remember – you’re trying to imagine yourself as an end-user, so try to keep track of anything that might be an issue for a non-developer.

### Create individual test cases

Finally, before the E2E testing can commence, you need to prepare specific test cases for each of the conditions. At this point, you have prepared a list of user functions to test, as well as data conditions that will be measured during the test. Now, you need to create at least one test case for each of the conditions. By test cases, we mean user scenarios during which specific indicators will be able to be measured.

And by test case preparation status, we mean the precise location of the test instances being developed, as compared to intended test cases.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## End-to-end test cases for your testing process

Congratulations, you’ve almost reached the end! At this point, you should pretty much be a walking fountain of knowledge about End-to-End tests. However, the raw theory is one thing, and implementing those types of tests for system testing in reality is another. To make the process a bit more digestible, consider this End-to-End testing example for a website with shopping functionality:

- Go to the specified URL
- Open a list of products
- Check whether the information on the list correlates with specific product pages
- Try to add the product to the cart and look for visible confirmation
- Navigate to the cart and check whether the product has been successfully added
- Double-check all of the relevant information (price, product info, etc.)
- Proceed with the check-out and verify payment options integration

See how simple it is in the end? Now you can implement E2E testing methodology in your software to ensure better end-user reception, increase your product quality, and build a positive brand image.

This is just a high level example. If you would like to learn how to create a proper test case from start to end, please check out our article on [test case creation](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/how-to-write-automation-test-cases/). You will have a better understanding on how to design test cases for manual and automatic testing. Also check out our other topics in our testing guide. 

## End to End testing tools

Proper tools may play a crucial role in reducing your effort by automating your end-to-end tests. These tools provide a range of features and capabilities to support horizontal testing and vertical testing of the entire system. They allow testers to perform comprehensive testing processes. Choosing a proper tool for testing is typically a long-term investment. If you research and choose a tool that will enable you to execute and record complex user scenarios and allow testing across multiple technologies, your job will be way easier. 

One of the tools that meet such requirements is BugBug. This automated testing tool proved its efficiency for many clients. On the picture below you might see how many steps might an end-to-end scenario actually have.

![n example of a passed test with a proper output statement.](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/88bc1d9e_16f8_4e1a_b33d_15e2a8d17cdf_cdfc84abfc.webp)

## Summary

End-to-end testing is a type of testing that focuses on validating the whole system from start to finish rather then testing individual functionalities. It is often seen as a software testing methodology, but it is not the case. It may be a part of a methodology (i.e. Agile testing) but it is by definition a type of software testing. 

Performing end-to-end testing covers an important task of checking data flows and focuses on testing if any functional gaps occur. This type of testing is necessary to verify if the software is ready for the next release cycle.

## Frequently Asked Questions

1. **What is automated testing?** \
Automated testing in software development is a form of software testing that uses the execution of predefined sets of operations to probe and validate the software system. The fundamental purpose of automation testing in software development is to generate objective feedback about the quality of the product. One such testing tool is Selenium. It can run UI tests. The ideal situation is to run E2E tests with both manual testing and automated testing approaches. If your application has a lot of complicated user interfaces, you'll need more end-to-end testing.

2. **What is software development lifecycle?** \
Software development lifecycle (SDLC) is the process used by developers to create, deploy and maintain software. This process includes several steps that are all closely connected with one another. These steps include requirements gathering, analysis and design, coding and testing.

3. **What is a testing pyramid?** \
In software development projects, we have limited time and resources. This is why it's important to consider our test efforts carefully and find the right balance between different types of testing. Basically, there are 3 layers in the testing pyramid: Unit Tests, Integration Tests, and E2E Tests.

3. **What is a selector?** \
A selector is a small piece of code that describes a specific button in your app. It allows you to clearly define what should be clicked in automated end-to-end tests. You can learn more about selectors using [this interactive XPath learning tool](https://bugbug.io/xpath-selector-builder/?ref=blogarticle)



Happy (automated) testing!


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What is End-to-End (E2E) Testing?

Professional Quality Evangelist, experienced in testing web and mobile applications.  
[linkedin.com/in/kinga-witko-b5bba659/](https://linkedin.com/in/kinga-witko-b5bba659/)

Kinga Witko

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

The term “shift left” expresses movement. It can describe the movement of an entire team or individuals.
What does it do in a project or an entire development lifecycle? Putting it simply,  it reflects the position of testing on a timeline. 

**Shift Left means testing earlier in the development process.** It also means repositioning the engagement, development, and testing efforts towards the customer.


Typically, in a traditional (waterfall) model of software making, testing lands at the end of the pipeline or is one of the last phases of the process. Bringing testing at the very last stage usually causes many problems such as:

- delays in the deployment
- a lot of bugs at the end of the development lifecycle
- bugs discovered just before or after the release to production
- lack of collaboration between developers and testers through the entire process.

Poor software quality is one of the most harmful consequences of all of these pains listed above.

At first, the team members do not communicate with each other and they fail to communicate the problems early. 

It must not necessarily be a bug; sometimes there is some issue with the application setup, there is no testing environment, access to certain resources (such as specific tooling or external software providers), the task description is vague, or the team setup is incorrect. 

If communicated and fixed earlier, the entire process can be smoother and cause less frustration in the team. It also encourages people to focus more on the code quality and to deliver earlier and faster.

Most of those issues can be avoided by changing the style of working and shifting testing efforts at the beginning of the process.
->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Agile way of working

If you care about the quality of your product, your mindset has probably shifted left already.

This approach is strongly connected with the agile way of thinking and using agile work methods in software projects.


In this setup, testing is an integrated part of the team and accelerates software development at higher quality. As a result, testers can identify bugs sooner, saving time and effort. Notably, the earlier you test, the less expensive bugs are to fix.


[T The Seven Testing Principles (ISTQB)](https://www.istqb.org/downloads/syllabi/foundation-level-syllabus.html) tell that testing everything is not possible unless a system or functionality is very simple. In practice, however,  the testing efforts should be targeted appropriately at the risk analysis, techniques, and bugs prioritization rather than be attempted thorough testing. 


One of the good methods of approaching testing strategy for a specific application can be the guideline from [Agile Testing Quadrants](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/agile-testing-quadrants/). The quadrants are a taxonomy to help teams plan the testing process and testing activities and make sure they have all the resources they need to accomplish it.


## Shift Left approach and DevOps and agile background

With the rise of the DevOps movement, there is an increased focus on delivering automated, continuous improvement. It holds true for development and testing alike.

What is more, Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) are core software development disciplines integrated into the agile software development cycle. The point is to release fully-tested and stable builds early and as often as possible. Development, delivery, and test automation are crucial components of this process. 

## What it means to “Shift Left”

As mentioned at the beginning, Shift Left testing pushes testing to the “left”, to the earlier stages in the pipeline. This improves software quality and reduces time spent on resolving issues later in the pipeline.

Introducing testing early on the “left-side” of the development process, starting with unit tests and complementing with functional and integration tests is fundamental to making CI/CD happen. But that may not be enough.

The team can go even further: to eliminate unclear and contradicting requirements and improve the end-user experience, it is best to involve test engineers in the clarifying and prioritising application requirements. Test engineers can check the available or newly created requirements or user stories for clarity, consistency, testability, and traceability.

This also improves the shift towards client happiness. An early review of the requirements and spotting the flaws marks an early start of the communication with the end-user. 

The Shift Left approach introduces more care and thought exchange concerning the client. The team can be perceived as more proactive and more dedicated to the best quality standards of a project.
->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Benefits of Shift Left Testing for Agile and Devops teams

Agile teams benefit most from Shift Left Testing in terms of clearer specifications, smoother implementations, earlier testing, and reduced costs. However, Shift Right Testing has more benefits like the ability to incorporate user and system feedback based on real usage scenarios. 

In opposition to testing early, Shift Right can provide an additional context to the testing scenarios. Shifting right means testing at the end of the process, typically when the software is deployed to production (the post-production environment). 

It is performed by a group of experts or selected end-users. It can utilize testing methods such as API Monitoring, using Feature Toggles, or measuring the performance of a live application. 

This helps to understand the application better and discover some other flaws that could have been omitted earlier.

Nevertheless, when quality comes first:

- developers spend more time on coding because they discuss potentially good solutions - they do not investigate who pushes the code first into production without testing

- there are Unit Tests beside the application code, available and maintainable

- there is an infrastructure that allows testing before pushing to production, usually the entire team is responsible for the process health

- there is room for improvement and mistakes

- developers pair up to catch obvious errors on the fly and learn from one another

- teams estimate tasks together, taking quality and risks into account

- potential risks in the systems are spotted and minimized rather than left alone

And finally - the application is tested - not only by one automated or manual test  but by a set of different functional and non-functional scenarios. 

The tests are regularly reviewed, adjusted, and observed. This approach introduces a new way of working and highlights the value of testing.


## Benefits of the Shift-Left Testing approach

The idea of shift left testing is simple to understand but hard to implement in the development cycle. It is worth the effort though, especially when the team and the entire organization understands the main benefits of this approach, such as:

- Lower costs - as explained above, bugs detected earlier are less expensive to fix.

- Increased efficiency in the software development process.

- Improved product quality and reliability because more bugs are detected at earlier stages.

- Reduced time to market since the QA process covers the entire development cycle, not only its’ last phase.

- A competitive advantage gained by letting development teams move fast, build and defend their credibility by innovating in iterations.
->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Get started with “Shift Left” Testing in Agile

How to approach the change and switch to early software testing? Here is the basic list: 


1. **Plan**

Shape development in a way that is friendly to Shift Left testing. Once the requirements have been established, developers and testers should ideate how to shape the coding and software testing as early as possible. 


Depending on the product expectations as well as the limitations of the team, specific strategies, such as involving testers in the project since the planning phase or using the TDD approach, might have to be crafted to accommodate the Shift Left way of working.


2.** Review the requirements**

It is best to verify not only the existing code but also all the requirements necessary for the code to be written. Early verification can spot obvious mistakes.


3. **Use Static Code Analysis**

Static code analysis is the practice of checking the code without executing it. It runs through the basic code structure and ensures that the code is aligned with many standards and guidelines. By following the approach the team can early detect:

- Programming errors

- Violations of commonly followed coding standards

- Syntax anomalies

- Security issues

A static code analysis is best done via automation. The software should scan all untested codes in a project before it moves to the test phase.

4. **Collaborate**

As in any other [agile testing](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/agile-testing-organized-chaos-or-a-planned-way-of-improving-your-software/) technique - early software testing requires a lot of collaboration with the team: Developers, Product Managers, Business Analysts, and other stakeholders responsible for the overall product. 

Everybody needs to understand the value of the Shift Left approach and spot the difference after some time of the new process introduction because as a result, the client benefits from better software quality and receives a lovable product.

## Conclusion for Left Shift Testing in test automation

There are a number of benefits to left shift testing in test automation. One of the primary benefits is that it helps to identify defects earlier in the development cycle. This means that defects can be caught and addressed before they become more complex and costly to fix. In addition, left shift testing can help to reduce the overall time and effort required for testing by identifying and addressing issues earlier in the process.

Another benefit of left shift testing in test automation is that it can help to improve the quality of the software being developed. By identifying and addressing defects earlier in the process, developers can ensure that the software they are creating is of higher quality and meets the requirements of the end-users.
->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


One of the keys to successful left shift testing in test automation is to incorporate testing into the development process **from the very beginning**. This means that testing is not an afterthought or an additional step at the end of the development process, but rather an integral part of the development process itself. Test automation tools and frameworks can be used to automate testing activities and make it easier to incorporate testing into the development process.

It is also important to involve testers in the development process as early as possible. This allows them to provide feedback and identify potential issues before they become more complex and difficult to fix. Testers can also work with developers to ensure that the code being developed is testable, and that the testing process is efficient and effective.

Overall, **left shift testing is an important approach in test automation that can help to improve the quality of software, reduce testing time and effort, and identify defects earlier in the development process**. By incorporating testing into the development process from the very beginning, developers and testers can work together to create software that is of higher quality and meets the needs of the end-users.

Happy (automated) testing!

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Shift Left Testing Explained

Guides to Test Automation

Software developer currently working as a tech writer and PM.  
[linkedin.com/in/marcin-%C5%82ojewski-a4191518/](https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcin-%C5%82ojewski-a4191518/)

Marcin Łojewski

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Testing Tools for Web Application - The Ultimate Guide 2023

Testing is an ever-present part of a software developer’s job, performed at every stage of the production process. There is a wide range of test types used for software testing, some performed at various points during production, and some performed after production to confirm that the software functions as intended.

Regression testing is performed on a product that has already been finished and released. How exactly is it performed? What are the objectives and how does the procedure look? If you’re keen to find out, keep on reading as we explain everything you should know about regression testing.

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

## The definition of Regression Testing

**Regression testing** is a software testing method that aims to investigate and locate any possible flaws or bugs in software that has already been fully developed. Regression Testing is performed to find out whether your software has regressed (surprise, surprise) as you continue introducing new updates and bug fixes. Whenever a piece of software is changed in any way, new bugs might emerge and some of the older ones re-emerge.

Most often, regression testing is performed immediately after introducing a new update, but it isn’t the only factor that might call for the test. If any software or hardware-related factor has changed, regression testing should be committed to find out whether everything performs as it has before the change. 

This can include any sort of bug fixes and software changes, but regression might also be caused by hardware configuration changes and electronic component degradation over time. Regression testing isn’t easy – it requires cooperation and diligence out of all of the team members, which makes it perfect for agile software development practices.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Regression Testing process

As with most testing efforts regression testing is an art rather than science. Let us describe the regression testing process that our development team uses. You may then use and adapt it to your existing test strategy. As regression testing is a type of testing that occurs whenever any change in your software occurs, the smartest way to start is to..

### Identify code changes

This will allow you to asses the number of test cases for regression testing that will need to be created. The testing team will need information on the impact that the current changes may have on the whole application. This is done also during this step.

### Prioritize changes

You finished step one with a list. Now you need to create a queue out of it. By proper prioritizing the changes in your software application you reduce the amount of time you will use on 

### Select for re-run

This is the part where the selection of test cases is performed. After the first test is done, test cases are categorized into reusable and obsolete ones. The reusable ones create a regression test suite. The others are will not be used for regression. 

### Categorize manual and automated regression test cases

Here is where the test automation actually begins. Test cases that occur more often within one process are perfect candidates to for the automation tool to do the work for you. If you want to automate tests in a fast and efficient way, try BugBug as your tool for regression testing. You will soon find out that it is great to reduce regression testing costs.

### Prioritize test cases

Here is where regression testing becomes a tad tricky. One would think, that the most often occurring test cases should have the biggest priority, right? Well the theory on that one is a tad different. The need for regression testing, therefor the priority, is the highest for those cases, that cover all essential features. The lowest on the other hand are stated as "technical complexities". 

### Plan and execute

This one is rather obvious, but we have to put it here. After doing all the analysis, you have to plan when regression testing is done and "push the execute button". 

## Regression Testing techniques

Regression testing can include various functional and non-functional tests in its process to thoroughly investigate the software in search of flaws. There are also many techniques with which developers and QA specialists perform regression testing, including:

- Retest All
- Regression Test Selection
- Test Case Prioritization
- Hybrid approach

### Retest All – an accurate yet expensive solution

**The Retest All ** technique is the most accurate and all-around method of regression testing, but it is also the most expensive one. In Retest All, every test case is checked again on the software to confirm if all of its parts are working as intended. That’s all there is to Retest All – it might be simple in definition, but it is definitely the hardest and most costly technique to actually perform.

### Regression Test Selection – when you realize you might not have enough for a Retest All

**Regression Test Selection** has been designed as a solution to the expensive nature of the Retest All technique. In RTS we don’t run all of the tests in our test suite, but instead we divide all of the tests into three categories – reusable test cases, retestable test cases, and obsolete test cases. In addition, RTS might actually create new test cases that haven’t been in the suite before, but might be relevant for regression tests.

If you’re interested in finding out more about regression testing examples, we recommend taking a look at Understanding Regression Testing Techniques by Gaurav Duggal and Bharti Suri. The authors further divide RTS techniques, naming two most important categories – coverage techniques and minimization techniques, and explain what are safe techniques.

**Coverage techniques** feature specific coverage criteria, often provided by the client who wants their software regression tested. These techniques sift through all test cases, selecting only the ones that are relevant for the covered parts of your software. **Minimization techniques** work in a way similar to coverage techniques, but instead of selecting cases based on set criteria, you select a minimum set of cases that you think will do the job.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

### Test Case Prioritization – a rational approach

**Test Case Prioritization** aims to maximize the rate of fault detection, creating the most thorough regression test for the lowest cost. First you prioritize the test cases one by one. Then all of them are performed in order, starting from the most important one and finishing on the least important one. Thanks to that, even if your resources aren’t enough to perform all of the tests in your suite, you will still perform the ones that should detect the most flaws.

**TSP** might be performed in two ways – the first one, called **General Prioritization**, selects test cases that should be effective (on average) on all versions of the software you’re working with. The other way, called Version Specific **Prioritization**, only takes into account a specific version of the software, without considering other existing or potential future versions.

### Hybrid approach – the best of both worlds

When choosing one technique of regression testing is impossible – why not combine the best features of Regression Test Selection and Test Case Prioritization? 

The hybrid approach is still being developed, and every researcher gives a personal spin on the idea. Since there isn’t an exact definition of what a hybrid approach actually is, there are tons of versions available – each one with its own upsides and downsides.

## Regression Testing tools

Regression testing ensures that each version of your software runs smoothly. We have described various regression testing techniques, but our article would not be complete without a few hints of what tool to use for proper test execution. 

Regression testing is used on an incremented basis. Each release of your software means building another layer of an already high pile of multiple regression test cases. A good tool will allow you to perform regression tests without writing a single line of code. 

If you want a specific list of tools, please redirect to our article [HERE](https://bugbug.io/blog/guides/testing-tools-for-web-application/).

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Disadvantages of regression testing

Well now that's a shocker isn't it? We have many articles on testing in the BugBug blog, and never have I ever wrote anything negative about testing. Until now. We found four "buts" on regression testing and we tried to tackle them immediately.

- "but regression testing is time consuming" - yes, but only if you only perform a manual test, this is why selecting a good testing tool is essential
- "but you have to do it after even the smallest patch" - yes, but this is why you build a good regression cycle. You store all the recurring tests and only build a few on top of them for that given patch. It is like CI/CD for your testing process
- "but that process might interfere with the sprint planning" - only if you do regression tests without automation. Think of it from a business perspective - would you have a task that goes cross-sprint or a large bug in the production environment?
- "but it is difficult, to write those test cases" - ah, an oldie but a goodie. There are great no-code regression testing tools. Those might be used not only by QA or other technical personnel but by a PM. Such a person would be even able to automate the test or record and recreate it. 

Regression testing is one of the key ways to have your code thoroughly checked and ready to start earning you money!

## Conclusion – is Regression Testing necessary?

As you have already learned, regression testing plays a key role in keeping the quality of your software as high as possible for as long as possible. Updates and changes to your software might introduce new problems, which is exactly why regression testing is so important – to keep user experience high throughout all iterations of your program.

Not all projects require regression testing, of course. In projects that are already finished and won’t be further updated, regression testing is mostly irrelevant. However, if you are planning to continue development further – never forget to properly regression test your software before releasing an update.


Happy (automated) testing!

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What is Regression Testing? Everything You Need To Know

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Collaborate with others when creating your test suites. Finally you can invite as many teammates as you want for free.

**UNLIMITED LOCAL TESTS**  
With BugBug you can run unlimited tests in your browser with the Free Forever Plan. Also you may run tests in the cloud without additional infrastructure or DevOps costs. Fun right?

Test automation tool that suits every pocket

**BUILT-IN AND CUSTOM VARIABLES**  
Anytime you need, you can run tests with our built-in variables that we prepared for you. If you need something more specific, you can also create your own custom variables.

**POWERFUL FEATURES**  
Run custom JavaScript, use automatic selectors, create profiles as presets for different variable values, and work with different development environments - BugBug offers advanced features for you to use when you need it.



Advanced features to boost your testing

Integrate with anything via BugBug API. Run cloud tests in your CI/CD pipelines such as Github, Travis, Jenkins, Bitbucket, or GitLab. The setup is easy thanks to BugBug's streamlined Command Line Interface and built-in Zapier support.

Are you fresh in the test automation world? We’ve got your back - read our comprehensive tutorial for beginners and see how easy it is to automate your first test.

Easy to learn testing

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I write about technology and help people who use it. I've always been fascinated by the details of things - how they work and what makes them tick. That's why I love writing about tech!  
[linkedin.com/in/aleksandra-spilkowska](https://linkedin.com/in/aleksandra-spilkowska)

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Aleksandra Spilkowska

Specflow: 8 Steps to Use Behavior-Driven Development To Improve Team Performance