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Software Testing Knowledge

Application Consultant working as a Tech Writer


[https://www.linkedin.com/in/dominikdurejko/](https://www.linkedin.com/in/dominikdurejko/)

Dominik Szahidewicz

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

- Back in the day, before Google was popular and AI was only found in Sci-Fi movies, we all had our favorite forums, where we had to ask a question and wait to see if someone knew the answer.

- Grandpa, what is a forum?

That was more or less the first thing that came to my mind when I found out I need to write an article on forums. After a while it came back to me, that we are not moving back to the internet stone age. Amazingly whenever we "google stuff" lots of the answers still come from web forums. 

Whether it is a topic on tools, software quality or something else related to software. 

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

One of the biggest reasons that forums are a great resource is the fact that you always get a discussion and different points of view coming from different experiences. The fun thing about IT is that you can reach certain outcomes in more than one "proper" way. 

Of course there are the trolls and the "laugh-at-alls", but still it is more common to find a decent engineer or an expert rather than a moron. Here is our list of the most useful testing forums for testers and quality assurance engineers.

## Software Testing Forums

### **Stack Overflow**

![stackoverflow - best forum for qa](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_10_24_at_13_40_28_5b87345f4b.png)

Do you imagine a different #1 here? The creators of this web space should receive a Nobel Prize, or even a few. I believe this is a foundation of the whole IT industry. I still remember my teacher from the software development class saying "You can be 99.99% sure that if you are stuck with a problem, somebody else in the world was there before you and put the answer on [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com)". 

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

After a few years of working in IT, I had 1 case where I didn't find an answer. You can place your issue online and someone from the software testing community will let you know how to proceed (or at least will point to an answer in a different topic).

It is a very active space, but mostly focused on technical aspects rather than for example test process management. 

### **The Club**

![the club best software testing forum for qa](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_10_24_at_13_42_12_66b08b1fbc.png)

This is a forum hosted and supported by the [Ministry of Testing](https://club.ministryoftesting.com/) with the aim of co-creating better testing. It is a safe platform for all software testers. You can not only submit and answer questions but also network with software quality assurance engineers from all over the world.

The Ministry of Testing is a quality brand on its own and a very professional community. So feel free to look at what is happening "in da Club" (just couldn't resist) and learn how it can contribute to your automation project.

### **The Huddle**

![the huddle forum for qa](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_10_24_at_13_44_16_3485e12e05.png)

This is (unfortunately) not a q&a space for football fans. This is a software testing club hosted by [EuroStar](https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/forums/). It is more than a space for attendees of their [QA conferences](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/best-qa-conferences/). 

There are lots of questions related to software testing from many perspectives and approaches. The range is much more than test automation or best practices - is it worth learning German for testing - one person asked. It is an open forum and it has lured a faithful and proactive online community.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

### **SQA Forums**

[SQA Forums](http://www.sqaforums.com/) is one of the most traditional software testing forums provided on this list. The range of topics is comprehensive and the number of members - more than 210K - speaks for itself. 

It is a great space for people who are new to software testing and also for experienced developers and QA engineers. You will need to register to be active there but there is plenty to take from that forum. 

## Additional Resources for QAs

As we mentioned before in our article, most highly recognized software quality control experts are active on their social media. Those industry experts not only post on their blogs but also contribute to LinkedIn groups. Following them is highly informative and might come in handy one day or another. 

### QA Conferences 

Another practical thing to do is the [QA Conferences](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/best-qa-conferences/) and seminars where you can really network with other visitors and speakers.

There are also other entities where you can discuss with other automation engineers.

### Subreddits for QA

First, there is **Reddit**. Of course, it is filled with content on every topic in the world, but if you click [here](https://reddit.com/r/softwaretesting) or [here](https://reddit.com/r/qualityassurance) you will find content relevant to software testing and quality assurance respectively.

### Other Software Testing Communities

There are also many **Slack** and **Discord** channels dedicated to testing - one of them is mentioned above the Club or [his one](https://discord.com/invite/TPR6vjxTE9).

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

Forums are a great way to archive knowledge, way better than events or even articles, which often get outdated. Last but not least, if you are at the beginning of your test automation adventure you will just take knowledge from such places. 

But as your experience gets bigger and bigger, please start contributing. Always remember where you came from.

**Happy (automated) testing!**

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Best Software Testing Forums for QA

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UI Automation Testing Tools: Curated List for QA

Uncategorized

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

This blog post delves into the intricacies and significance of regression testing within the agile landscape, offering insights, strategies, and best practices to help teams navigate this critical phase of software development. 

With a focus on practical applications and expert opinions, this **complete guide to regression testing** aims to demystify regression testing in an agile context.

![regression tests .jpeg](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/regression_tests_6307bc450f.jpeg)

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## What is Regression Testing?

Before we dive into the specifics of regression test automation in Agile, let's first understand the core concepts and methodologies of regression testing. 

**Regression testing** is a crucial software testing process that involves verifying that recent code changes or modifications to a software application have not adversely affected the existing functionality of the software. It is performed to ensure that new code additions, updates, or bug fixes do not introduce new defects or issues and that the software continues to function as expected.

### The Primary Goals of Regression Testing

- **Maintain Software Quality:** Regression testing ensures that the quality and reliability of the software remain intact after each code change. It helps prevent the introduction of new bugs or the reoccurrence of previously fixed issues.

- **Detect Regressions:** Regression testing is specifically focused on identifying regressions, which are unintended consequences of code changes that negatively impact existing features. These regressions may result from code modifications in one part of the software affecting other seemingly unrelated parts.

- **Support Continuous Integration:** In modern software development practices, such as Agile and Continuous Integration (CI/CD), new code is frequently integrated into the codebase. Regression testing is essential to validate that these continuous code integrations do not break existing functionality.

[Regression testing](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/everything-you-need-to-know-about-regression-testing/) is typically automated to ensure that it can be performed efficiently and consistently. Test cases that cover critical and commonly used features of the software are selected and executed automatically each time there is a code change. If any test cases fail, it indicates a regression issue, and developers must investigate and resolve the problem before proceeding further.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## When to do Regression Testing?

Regression testing needs to be an essential part of the software testing process and should be performed under various circumstances to ensure the quality and reliability of a software application. Here are some common scenarios and times when you should consider performing regression testing:

- **After Code Changes:** Whenever there are code changes, such as bug fixes, new features, enhancements, or updates, regression testing should be conducted.

- **Before Releases:** Before a new version or release of the software is deployed to production or distributed to end-users, regression testing is crucial.

- **Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) Pipeline:** In a CI/CD environment, regression test cases are often automated and integrated into the pipeline. 

- **Periodic Testing:** Even if there are no immediate code changes or releases, it's a good practice to perform periodic regression testing.

- **Environment Changes:** When there are significant changes in the test environment, regression testing is necessary.

- **Data Changes:** If there are changes to the data used by the application, it's important to perform regression testing.

- **Security Updates:** When security patches or updates are applied, regression testing helps ensure that these updates haven't introduced security vulnerabilities or broken any part of the application.

- **Performance and Load Testing:** After making performance improvements or changes to the application's architecture, regression testing for performance is important.

- **Functional Testing:** Testers rely on a regression suite of functional test cases.

- **Configuration Changes:** If there are changes in configuration settings, regression testing is needed.

- **User Feedback:** If users report issues or unexpected behavior, regression testing can help identify and verify the reported problems and ensure that they are resolved in subsequent releases.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Regression Testing in Agile: Concepts, Challenges, and Strategies

In an Agile context, regression testing techniques play a critical role in ensuring that incremental changes and new features do not introduce defects or disrupt the existing functionality of the software. 

### Frequent Iterations 

Agile development follows a series of short, iterative cycles called sprints. After each sprint, new features or improvements are added to the software.

### Continuous Change

Agile professionals prioritize adaptability and embrace changes in requirements even late in development, making regression testing a necessity to maintain quality.

### Test Automation

To keep up with the fast-paced Agile environment, automation is often used for regression testing. Automated test suites are created and maintained to efficiently verify existing functionality.

### Continuous Integration

In Agile, code changes are integrated frequently into the main codebase. Automated regression tests are integrated into the Continuous Integration (CI) pipeline to validate these changes, ensuring that new code does not break existing features.

See our article on the [Benefits of CI/CD Integration](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/benefits-of-ci-cd-pipeline/)

### User Stories and Acceptance Criteria

Each sprint focuses on specific user stories with defined acceptance criteria. Regression testing is aligned with these criteria to confirm that the software meets the defined expectations.

### Selective Testing

Agile professionals may not retest every single feature with each sprint. Instead, they focus on areas related to the changes made during the current sprint.

### Efficiency and Quick Feedback

Agile regression testing aims to be efficient and provides quick feedback. Any detected regression issues are promptly addressed to maintain a reliable product.

### Iterative Improvement

Agile professionals continuously refine their regression test suites to ensure they remain effective. This iterative approach to testing aligns with Agile principles of incremental improvement and flexibility.

In the Agile context, regression testing is a cornerstone of maintaining software quality and adaptability. Regression testing is required to deliver frequent, high-quality releases by verifying that existing functionality remains intact as new features are introduced. Automation and a focus on selective testing enable Agile development to proceed at a fast pace without sacrificing quality.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Regression Testing Methods

Regression testing can be approached in different ways, and the method you choose should be tailored to your specific circumstances, such as the size of your codebase, the size of your testing team, and the available resources at your disposal. Here are three common approaches to regression testing:

### Re-Test Everything

In this type of regression testing, all existing tests are rerun on the new codebase. However, it can be resource-intensive and may not always be feasible within time and resource constraints.

### Selective Re-Testing

Identify a subset of your existing tests that specifically target the critical components of your code. This approach is advantageous when resource constraints or time limitations make it challenging to re-test everything.

### Prioritized Re-Testing

This approach involves running tests based on priorities, addressing code paths and functional areas that are more likely to contain bugs or have a significant impact on the user experience.

## Why is Regression Testing Important in Agile Development?

Regression testing is a critical component of agile software development. It ensures that changes in the codebase do not introduce new defects or break existing functionality. The importance of regression testing in agile projects cannot be overstated.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Regression Testing Challenges Faced by Agile Professionals

Here are some of the key regression testing challenges in Agile:

- **Short Iterations:** Agile development operates on short, time-boxed iterations (sprints). Regression testing within these tight timelines can be challenging.

- **Frequent Code Changes:** Managing regression tests in the face of continuous updates can be complex.

- **Test Data Management:** Ensuring data accuracy and consistency can be a challenge.

- **Test Automation:** Developing and maintaining automated test suites can be challenging.

- **Selective Testing:** This approach may miss potential regressions in other parts of the software.

- **Test Coverage:** Striking a balance between test coverage and testing speed can be challenging.

- **Integration Testing:** Detecting and resolving integration issues is often time-consuming.

- **Resource Constraints:** Agile team members may lack the necessary resources for comprehensive regression testing.

- **Communication and Collaboration:** Misunderstandings or miscommunication can result in inadequate test coverage or missed regression issues.

- **Prioritize The Test Cases:** Deciding which tests to run during regression testing can be challenging.

- **Test Maintenance:** This ongoing maintenance can be time-consuming.

## Best Practices for Regression Testing in Agile Environment

### Automate Wherever Possible

Invest in test automation to create a suite of automated regression tests. Automate the most critical and frequently executed test cases to maximize efficiency.

### Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD)

Integrate regression tests into your CI/CD pipeline to automatically run tests each time code is committed.

### Prioritize And Select Test Cases

Use a risk-based approach to prioritize test cases. Focus on testing critical functionalities and areas of the application most likely to be affected by recent changes.

### Test Data Management

Ensure that test data is well-maintained and up-to-date.

### Selective Testing

Consider selective regression testing, focusing on the parts of the application related to the changes made in the current sprint.

### Traceability and Documentation

Maintain traceability between test cases, user stories, and requirements.

### Sanity Testing

Implement sanity testing to quickly assess whether the basic functionalities of the application are still intact.

See [Smoke Testing vs Sanity Testing](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/smoke-testing-vs-sanity-testing/)

### Error Tracking Integration

Use regression testing tools that integrate with error tracking systems.

### Communication and Collaboration

Promote open and frequent communication among team members.

### Feedback-Driven Improvement

Continuously assess the effectiveness of your regression testing strategy.

### Environment Management

Keep your test environments in sync with the production environment.

### Regular Test Maintenance

Regularly update and maintain your regression test suite to accommodate changes in the application.

### Parallel Testing

Execute regression tests in parallel to reduce the time required for test runs.

[Parallel Testing: A Guide for Software Testers](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/parallel-testing-a-guide-for-software-testers/)

### Testing during Development

Encourage developers to conduct unit testing, automated code testing, and peer reviews during development.

### Regression Testing as a Shared Responsibility

Emphasize that regression testing is a shared responsibility across the entire Agile team.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## How to Run Regression Testing in Agile Team

### Preparation Phase

- **Collect and Review Test Cases:** Begin by gathering all the test cases that you intend to execute for regression testing.

- **Identify Test Case Improvements:** Evaluate the quality and relevance of the test cases you've collected.

- **Estimate Execution Time:** Estimate the time required to execute the regression test suite.

- **Automation Assessment:** Determine which test cases can be automated and how automation can be integrated into the regression testing process.

### Building the Regression Testing Strategy

- **Utilize Smoke and Sanity Testing:** Implement smoke and sanity testing prior to diving into comprehensive regression testing.

- **Identify Error-Prone Areas:** Include test cases that historically fail more frequently.

- **Test Case Prioritization:** Adopt a risk-based approach to select and prioritize test cases.

- **Leverage Bug Reports:** Regression testing tools that integrate with error tracking systems provide rich information about test failures.

- **Effective Communication:** Continuous and effective communication is crucial within Agile team.

## Regression Testing & Test Automation

Automating regression tests is a key component of modern agile software development. Automated regression testing allows for the rapid execution of test cases with each code change, leading to more reliable and frequent testing cycles.

## Agile Regression Testing Tools

### [Selenium](https://www.selenium.dev/)
![selenium](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_09_05_at_12_30_09_f0d2cdac8d.png)
- Open-source, supports various programming languages (Java, C#, Python, etc.).
- Cross-browser compatibility testing.
- Integration with test frameworks like JUnit and TestNG.
- Supports parallel test execution.
- Extensive community support and a rich ecosystem of plugins and extensions.

### [Jenkins](https://www.jenkins.io/)
![Jenkis](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_09_29_at_14_10_30_ec06faeb15.png)
- Open-source, widely used for Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD).
- Automated test scheduling and execution.
- Integration with various testing and deployment tools.
- Distributed builds for parallel testing.
- Extensive plugin ecosystem for customization

### [TestRail](https://www.gurock.com/testrail/)
![testrail](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/1eedd93e_5687_46fa_a477_ae34e744117b_4849b99b84.png)
- Test case management and organization.
- Traceability of test cases to requirements.
- Integration with various test automation frameworks and tools.
- Comprehensive test reporting and metrics.
- Customizable test workflows and test plan management.

### [JIRA](https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira)
![jira software](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_10_04_at_11_22_12_cb72220e8d.png)
- Issue and project tracking with agile planning capabilities.
- Customizable workflows for managing testing processes.
- Integration with various testing and CI/CD tools.
- Real-time collaboration for test case management.
- Advanced reporting and dashboard features.

### [TestComplete](https://smartbear.com/product/testcomplete/overview/)
![smartbear](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/smartbear_dd2be98a32.png)
- Supports automated UI and functional testing.
- Record and playback test creation.
- Cross-platform and cross-browser testing.
- Integration with CI/CD pipelines.
- Scripted testing for advanced test scenarios.
- Rich reporting and analysis tools.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## FAQ Section

### What is Regression Testing?

A: Regression testing is a type of software testing that is performed to ensure that changes or modifications in the software do not affect the existing functionality. It involves re-testing the previously tested features to make sure that they still work as expected.

### Why is Regression Testing Important in Agile Development?

A: Regression testing is important in agile development because it helps detect any unintended impacts or regressions caused by new changes. In agile development, where frequent changes and updates are made, regression testing ensures that the software remains stable and reliable.

### What is the Difference Between Smoke Testing and Sanity Testing?

A: Smoke testing is a type of testing that is performed to quickly check if the major functionalities of the software are working fine, while sanity testing is a subset of regression testing that focuses on testing specific areas that have undergone recent changes or fixes.

### How Do You Perform Regression Testing in an Agile Environment?

A: Regression testing in an agile environment can be performed by identifying the test cases that need to be executed for regression testing, creating a regression test suite, prioritizing the test cases, executing the selected test cases, and analyzing the results.

### What is Automated Regression Testing in Agile?

A: Automated regression testing in agile involves using automation tools to execute the regression test suite, reducing manual effort and time required for regression testing.

### What Are the Benefits of Regression Testing?

A: The benefits of regression testing include ensuring the stability and reliability of the software, catching any unintended impacts or regressions caused by new changes, detecting and fixing any issues or bugs, and saving time and effort by automating the process.

### What Are the Different Types of Regression Testing?

A: The types of regression testing include Retest-All, Selective, Prioritized, and Regression Test Case Prioritization, focusing on different strategies of retesting and prioritizing test cases based on various factors.

### How Do You Select Test Cases for Regression Testing?

A: Test cases for regression testing can be selected based on the importance of functionality, impact of changes made, and past failure history of test cases.

### What is a Regression Test Suite?

A: A regression test suite is a collection of test cases specifically designed for regression testing to ensure that changes or modifications in the software have not adversely affected existing functionalities.

### How Often Should Regression Testing Be Performed?

A: The frequency of regression testing depends on factors like the volume of code being tested and the pace of software development, especially in agile where it's often performed after each iteration or when significant changes are made to the software.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Conclusion

In conclusion, regression testing in agile is a critical component of software development, ensuring stability and quality amid the rapid changes and iterations inherent to agile methodologies. 

By understanding the role, timing, and common challenges of regression testing, agile teams can deliver high-quality software that aligns with the principles of agile development. 

The insights, strategies, and best practices provided in this guide equip professionals to enhance their regression testing effectiveness in agile environments, leading to successful delivery of reliable software products in today’s fast-paced world of technology.

**Happy (automated) testing!**

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Regression Testing in Agile: All You Need to Know

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

The testing community has a love and hate relationship with events. On one hand it is a great opportunity to exchange knowledge, be up to date with the newest tools and techniques and just learn about the latest breakthroughs. On the other, there is one factor we all would rather escape from - human interaction. In the end though it is not that bad. If there is one group we all feel relatively well with, it is the fellow nerds. It ain't that bad - trust me. 

Each software tester will benefit from attending a quality assurance conference, there is no doubt about that. This is why we have created a shortlist of conferences in 2023 and 2024 especially for you. 

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Software testing conferences in 2023 

Let's pretend for a moment that we are a travel agency and use one of the most famous buzzwords in that industry - **LAST MINUTE**! These are the events you can attend in 2023. Some of them are not only last minute, they are "last second".

### [TESTCON EUROPE](https://testcon.lt/)

![Zrzut ekranu 2023-10-20 o 16.26.30.png](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Zrzut_ekranu_2023_10_20_o_16_26_30_a4a7d7f543.png)

- **Type:** online and offline
- **Date:** Oct 24-27 2023
- **Location:** Vilnius, Lithuania

The biggest software testing and QA conference in Europe is just around the corner. Maybe you will not be able to find a cheap flight so late, but it will definitely be worth the effort and costs. You can choose one of eight workshops every day. You are either free to roam or choose one of the 4 prepared paths. The list of keynote speakers includes **Rolf Molich** - the Vice President of [UXPA](https://uxpa.org/) or Rik Marselis - a top software testing author and coach. 

It is a great place to improve your testing skills in the following topics: Test Management, Testing Techniques and Methodologies, Test Automation, Performance Testing, Testing the Internet of Things (IoT), Testing Metrics, Agile Testing and many more.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

### [AGILE TESTING DAYS](https://agiletestingdays.com/)

![Zrzut ekranu 2023-10-20 o 16.27.08.png](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Zrzut_ekranu_2023_10_20_o_16_27_08_8d3d9f0caf.png)

- **Type:** online and offline
- **Date:** Nov 13-16 2023
- **Location:** Potsdam, Germany

A great international conference on software testing that starts with (yoga and coffee and then) a bang - "10 x software testing" keynote talk from **Kristel Kruustuk**. We wrote about her in our ["whom to follow" article](#). This is a great opportunity to meet her and take as much as possible from her vast expertise. 

As the title of the conference states, the focus is on agile testing and the best practices from that aspect. 4 days of the event are full of workshops on the most common testing problems and other testing fields. What is very nice about Agile Testing Days, is the fact that it shows software engineers not only the knowledge aspect but also the wellbeing. Every day has a break for fresh air or yoga or something else that will pull your bottom away from the chair.

### [AUTOMATION STAR](https://automation.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/)


![Zrzut ekranu 2023-10-20 o 16.27.18.png](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Zrzut_ekranu_2023_10_20_o_16_27_18_b3cba37c57.png)


- **Type:** offline 
- **Date:** Nov 20-21 2023
- **Location:** Berlin, Germany

It is a good idea to remain in Germany a few days more and participate in Automation Star conference as well. Even though it is not the cheapest event in the world (a 1,5 day ticket costs the same as 4 days on TestCon) it is definitely worthwhile. 

You will not only learn from quality assurance professionals but also you can take a dive into the world of test managers. The workshops and talks during Automation star vary from software testing and quality assurance, through management up to soft skills. 

If you are a fan of space and movies, you will love the "Apollo 13 and the Danger of Automation Bias" by **Andrew Brown**. He will present what does the Apollo 13 spacecraft disaster have in common with various automation problems within our DevOps, CI/CD, and agile developments? The content is divided into smaller and quicker chunks. Automation star is prepared by the [Eurostar Conference](https://eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/) brand - true moguls in the industry. 

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

### [UCAAT - User Conference on Advanced Automated Testing](https://www.etsi.org/events/2188-2023-11-10th-ucaat-user-conference-on-advanced-automated-testing)


![Zrzut ekranu 2023-10-20 o 16.27.30.png](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Zrzut_ekranu_2023_10_20_o_16_27_30_0ad7a54179.png)


- **Type:** offline
- **Date:** Nov 14-16 2023
- **Location:** Timisoara, Romania

The biggest Romanian testing conference will take place for the 10th time already. The UCAAT 2023 theme is focused on maximizing the benefits and outcomes of automated testing. It is a great place for upcoming test automation professionals who not necessarily have vast resources to attend such events. The reason for it - UCAAT is a free event. 

As always - it focuses on the latest testing trends, but the fact it is hosted by the Polytechnic Timisoara University gives it a bit of a science zing among other testing conferences 2023. It is a great opportunity to bring the European testing community together with lecturers from different universities.

## Test automation events for QA engineers in 2024

First let's play with the Arkham's razor (kids don't try this at home). You can easily add those events we listed for 2023 to your 2024 calendar whether you attend online or onsite. If you are new to the event industry do understand that the topics and speakers change every year. It makes such events worth attending for testing professionals on yearly basis. 

Secondly we have prepared a list of quality conferences you can attend next year. They cover various testing topics including quality assurance and software development as well.

### [Testµ (TestMu)](https://www.lambdatest.com/testuconf-2022/)


![Zrzut ekranu 2023-10-20 o 16.27.47.png](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Zrzut_ekranu_2023_10_20_o_16_27_47_27746a7979.png)

- **Type:** online
- **Date:** Aug 22-24 2024

By the community and for the community - this is the crucial take from the events' website. In 2023 they hosted over 30 sessions for 20K attendees. The opening note was presented by **Joe Colantonio** (we covered him multiple times as well). 

Amazingly you can still watch all sessions from 2023. The testing experts covered many topics including mobile testing, automation testing and exploratory testing. Fortunately, you can assess whether participating in this conference will be beneficial for you.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

### [Software Quality Days](https://www.software-quality-days.com/en/)


![Zrzut ekranu 2023-10-20 o 16.27.58.png](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Zrzut_ekranu_2023_10_20_o_16_27_58_db0f8ee9ba.png)

- **Type:** offline
- **Date:** Apr 24-25 2024
- **Location:** Vienna, Austria

This event has already established itself on the QA landscape. They might not have the same reach as TestMu (which is undoable for a stationary event) they do lure approx. 170 companies yearly. What is definitely their asset is the way that the visitor can use one of 5 prepared tracks during the event. Some are more tool oriented, others will have a more scientific approach to general testing. 

The guiding topic for 2024 will be "Software Quality as a Foundation for Security". And also if you haven't ever visited Vienna, do not hesitate to do so. I'm sorry other host cities, but Vienna is the real deal! Attending conferences is a great excuse for sightseeing!

### [Test Automation Days 2024](https://www.testautomationdays.com/)


![Zrzut ekranu 2023-10-20 o 16.28.06.png](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Zrzut_ekranu_2023_10_20_o_16_28_06_f8ec0de0d3.png)


- **Type:** offline
- **Date:** May 29-30 2024
- **Location:** Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Over the past ten years, Test Automation Days has established itself as the primary gathering for the global test automation community. This two-day conference offers a rich array of cutting-edge presentations, interactive workshops, and hands-on learning opportunities. 

Explore the latest methods and testing tools, connect with professionals in the field of software testing, and gain insights from top experts in test automation worldwide. You can expect topics on testing in DevOps, security testing, and continuous testing from the best software testing professionals and automation experts.

### [Nordic Testing Days](https://nordictestingdays.eu/)


![Zrzut ekranu 2023-10-20 o 16.28.12.png](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Zrzut_ekranu_2023_10_20_o_16_28_12_87f8856ef1.png)


- **Type:** offline
- **Date:** Jun 5-7 2024
- **Location:** Tallin, Estonia

Nordic Testing Days is an annual conference originally designed for software testers. Nevertheless, in recent years, we've expanded our scope to include all IT specialists. In essence, anyone interested in exploring testing practices and making contributions to enhance the software development process and quality is welcome.

We believe this approach will lead to a broader spectrum of learning opportunities for all. This event is voluntarily set up by QA community members and is a great opportunity for software developers to take a look on the other side of the court. 

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Conclusion

There are many more events than those we covered. Disclaimer - we do not have any marketing deals with any of them, we just strongly believe those are worth your time. We did not cover the best upcoming, smaller events. 

If you heard of good software testing conferences happening across your neighbourhood, do let us know in the comments.

Happy (automated) testing!


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Best QA Conferences: Curated List for 2023 and 2024

Guides to Test Automation

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The Ultimate Guide to Codeless Automation Testing

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

In the rapidly evolving realm of web development, **front-end automation testing tools** have become indispensable. These platforms are pivotal in ensuring that the user interface and overall user experience of web applications are efficient, functional, and user-friendly. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore various front-end testing applications, elucidate their utilities, and delve into how they empower web developers and testers to craft seamless online experiences in 2023.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<- 

## The Challenges with Tools for Automated Front-End Testing

One notable issue with many [automation testing platforms](https://bugbug.io/) is their tendency to prioritize functional testing while neglecting visual testing. While functional testing is critical for ensuring that web applications work as intended, it often leaves gaps in evaluating the visual aspects, potentially leading to a compromised user experience and interface design. Striking a harmonious balance between functional and visual testing has become a pressing concern in 2023.

## What Is Front-End Testing?

**Front-end testing** serves as the cornerstone for evaluating the functionality, performance, and usability of web applications from the user's perspective. It encompasses an extensive array of tests and methodologies aimed at guaranteeing that web applications operate seamlessly across diverse browsers, devices, and screen sizes.

## Example of Front-End Testing

To gain a deeper understanding of front-end testing, let's examine an illustrative example. Suppose you are developing an e-commerce website, and your goal is to ensure that various components such as the product search bar, shopping cart, and checkout process function seamlessly. Front-end testing entails a variety of tests, including:

1. **Unit Testing**
   Analyzing individual components like buttons, forms, and navigation menus to ensure their optimal functionality.
2. **Integration Testing**
   Evaluating how different components collaborate to ensure smooth interactions and data flow.
3. **End to End Testing**
   Testing the entire user journey, encompassing product selection to completing the purchase, ensuring a seamless experience.

By conducting these tests, front-end testers can pinpoint and rectify potential issues early in the development process, culminating in a more reliable and user-centric web application.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<- 

## Best Practices on How to Create a Front-End Website Testing Plan

### 1. Define Testing Objectives and Goals:

Start by clearly defining the objectives and goals of your testing plan. Consider what you want to achieve through front-end testing. Your goals might include ensuring the website functions correctly across different browsers and devices, verifying that the UI is user-friendly, identifying and fixing performance bottlenecks, detecting and addressing security vulnerabilities, and ensuring accessibility for users with disabilities.

### 2. Identify the Scope of Testing:

Determine the scope of your testing efforts. This includes specifying which parts of the website you will test and what types of tests you will conduct. Common testing scopes include:

- Testing specific pages or sections of the website.
- Verifying the functionality of critical features (e.g., forms, payment processing).
- Assessing visual consistency across different browsers and screen sizes.
- Evaluating performance on key pages or workflows.
- Conducting security assessments, including vulnerability scanning and penetration testing.

### 3. Define Testing Types and Methods:

Choose the types of tests and testing methods that align with your objectives and scope. Common front-end testing types and methods include:

#### Unit Testing:
For evaluating individual components or functions within the front end.

#### Integration Testing:
To ensure that different parts of the website work together seamlessly.

#### End-to-End (E2E) Testing:
To simulate user interactions and test entire workflows.

#### Visual Regression Testing:
For detecting unintended visual changes between versions.

#### Performance Testing:
To assess page load times, server response times, and scalability.

#### Accessibility Testing:
To ensure compliance with accessibility standards (e.g., WCAG).

#### Security Testing:
To identify and mitigate vulnerabilities (e.g., cross-site scripting, SQL injection).

#### API Testing:
To ensure that the UI components (e.g., buttons, forms) properly communicate with the backend services to fetch or submit data.

### 4. Select Testing Tools and Frameworks:

Choose the appropriate testing tools and frameworks based on the types of tests you plan to conduct. Popular front-end testing tools include [Selenium](https://www.selenium.dev/), [Cypress](https://www.cypress.io/), [Puppeteer](https://pptr.dev/), [Jest](https://jestjs.io/), and [Applitools](https://applitools.com/) for visual testing. Ensure that the selected tools align with your team's expertise and the technologies used in your web application.

### 5. Create Test Cases and Scenarios:

Develop detailed test cases and test scenarios for each type of test you plan to perform. Test cases should include:

- Test objectives and expected outcomes.
- Step-by-step test procedures.
- Input data and expected results.
- Precondition and post-condition states.
- Test environment setup and configuration.

### 6. Establish Test Data and Environments:

Prepare the necessary test data and testing environments. This includes setting up test servers, databases, and configurations that mirror the production environment as closely as possible. Ensure that test data is representative of real-world scenarios.

### 7. Define Test Execution Schedule:

Create a test execution schedule that outlines when and how often tests will be conducted. Consider running tests at different stages of development, including:

- **Unit Testing:** During code development.
- **Integration and E2E Testing:** During integration phases.
- **Regression Testing:** After code changes or updates.
- **Performance Testing:** Before deployment to assess scalability.

### 8. Assign Responsibilities:

Assign specific responsibilities to team members for test preparation, execution, and reporting. Ensure that team members are trained and familiar with the testing tools and methodologies being used.

### 9. Execute Tests:

Execute the defined test cases and scenarios according to the established schedule. Record test results, including any defects or issues identified during testing. Use test management tools or spreadsheets to track test progress.

### 10. Analyze and Report Findings:

Analyze test results and prepare comprehensive reports that highlight any issues, defects, or discrepancies found during testing. Prioritize issues based on severity and impact on the user experience.

### 11. Perform Regression Testing:

After addressing identified issues, conduct regression testing to ensure that fixes did not introduce new problems or regressions. Continuously update and rerun regression tests as development progresses.

### 12. Review and Iterate:

Review the testing plan and process after each testing cycle. Identify areas for improvement and incorporate feedback into future testing efforts. Iterate on the testing plan to refine and enhance testing practices.

### 13. Document and Maintain:

Document all test artifacts, including test cases, test data, and test reports. Maintain a record of testing activities and outcomes for future reference and audits.

By following these steps and tailoring your front-end website testing plan to the specific needs of your project, you can ensure that your web application is thoroughly tested, reliable, and ready to provide an exceptional user experience.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<- 


## Importance of Test Automation

Test automation is a software testing technique that involves using automated tools and scripts to perform tests on software applications. It aims to streamline and accelerate the testing process by automating repetitive and manual test cases.

Test automation can improve test coverage, reduce human errors, and provide faster feedback to developers, making it an essential practice in modern software development. However, it requires initial investment in creating and maintaining test scripts and infrastructure.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<- 

## Front End Testing and Automation

The question of whether front-end testing should be automated ultimately comes down to project goals, resources, and specific testing requirements. Automated front-end testing offers undeniable advantages in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and scalability. It empowers development teams to detect and address issues early, deliver high-quality applications, and meet the demands of modern development practices.

However, automation is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Some scenarios may be better suited for manual testing, particularly those involving subjective evaluations, usability assessments, and exploratory testing.

In practice, many development teams adopt a hybrid approach, combining automated testing for repetitive and well-defined scenarios with manual testing for areas requiring human judgment and creativity. This approach allows organizations to leverage the strengths of both automation and manual testing, ultimately ensuring the delivery of robust, user-friendly, and visually appealing applications.

### Advantages of Automated Front-End Testing:
- **Efficiency:** Automated tests can be executed repeatedly and swiftly, conserving time and effort when compared to manual testing.
- **Precision:** Automated tests adhere to predefined scripts, minimizing the likelihood of human errors during testing.
- **Swiftness:** Automated tests can run concurrently, enabling prompt feedback and swift identification of bugs.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<- 

## Types of Front End Testing

### Unit Testing
Unit testing focuses on evaluating individual components within a website. Popular tools like [Jest](https://jestjs.io/) and [Mocha](https://mochajs.org/) simplify this process.

### Visual Regression Testing
This testing ensures UI consistency using tools like [BackstopJS](https://github.com/garris/BackstopJS) and [Percy](https://percy.io/).

### Integration Testing
Evaluation of component interactions can be done using the same frameworks as unit testing or specialized integration testing tools.

### End-to-End Testing (E2E Testing)
E2E Testing involves testing user workflows and is done effectively using [BugBug](https://bugbug.io/), Cypress, Selenium, and Puppeteer.

### Performance Testing
Evaluation of application speed and stability is done using tools like [Apache JMeter](https://jmeter.apache.org/), [Google PageSpeed Insights](https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/insights/), and [WebPageTest](https://www.webpagetest.org/).

### Cross-Browser Testing
Ensuring compatibility across browsers, using platforms like [BrowserStack](https://www.browserstack.com/) and [Sauce Labs](https://saucelabs.com/).

### Acceptance Testing
Evaluates if the application meets user and business requirements. Tool choice depends on the development stack and language.

### UI/UX Testing
Focuses on the application’s user interface and experience. Often involves manual human testing.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<- 

## Performance Testing

### 1. Load Testing
Evaluates application performance under heavy traffic using tools like [Apache JMeter](https://jmeter.apache.org/) and [Gatling](https://gatling.io/).

### 2. Speed Testing
Focuses on web page loading times. Tools like [Google PageSpeed Insights](https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/insights/) and [WebPageTest](https://www.webpagetest.org/) are popular.

### 3. Stress Testing
Uncovers potential failures under extreme conditions to ensure application resilience and dependability.

### 4. Scalability Testing
Assesses the application's ability to scale with increased user loads and ensures seamless expansion capabilities.

## The Best Front-End Testing Tools in 2023

### 1. BugBug

![BugBug](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_09_18_at_16_12_19_24f97bc80b.png)

[BugBug](https://bugbug.io/) is a test automation tool, meticulously crafted to assist quality assurance professionals, testers, developers, and product managers in efficiently recording, executing, diagnosing, and overseeing tests for websites and web applications. 

#### Key Features:
- **Remarkably user-friendly UI**
- **Support for parallel test execution**
- **Intelligent automation of scrolling and waiting for page loading**
- **Seamless integration with any Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) pipeline** 
- **Support for both local and cloud-based test runs**
-  **Parallel testing capabilities**
-   **Unlimited number of test runs and users for free**

You can sign up your business within a few minutes and begin web testing after installing the Chrome extension. After registering you have a **14-day trial** period for Pro plan

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


### 2. Selenium

![selenium](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_08_23_at_11_54_58_ad86e6bf5e.png)

[Selenium](https://www.selenium.dev/) stands as a renowned and open-source test automation framework that has endured the test of time. It provides a versatile platform for automating web apps across diverse browsers and platforms. Selenium boasts support for multiple programming languages, including Java, Python, and JavaScript, rendering it accessible to a broad spectrum of developers.

#### Key Features:
- **Cross-browser compatibility testing**
- **Support for parallel test execution**
- **Extensive browser compatibility** (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.)
- **Seamless integration with frameworks** like [TestNG](https://testng.org/) and [JUnit](https://junit.org/)
- **Thriving and active community support**

Selenium's flexibility and robust capabilities continue to make it a favored choice for web developers and testers in 2023. Its capacity to execute automated tests across a plethora of browsers ensures that web apps are compatible and functional in various environments.


### 3. Cypress

![cypress](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/cypress_cd3bb45857.png)

[Cypress](https://www.cypress.io/) has emerged as a prominent player in the realm of front-end testing due to its user-friendly interface and features that streamline the process. It is a test automation tool and framework that is engineered to empower developers and testers with the ability to write end-to-end tests with simplicity and precision.

#### Key Features:
- **Real-time interactive testing**
- **Automatic waiting for elements to become available**
- **Time-travel debugging**
- **Accessible and intuitive API for writing tests**
- **Seamless integration with popular CI/CD pipelines**

Cypress's commitment to a seamless and productive testing experience has garnered it a dedicated following among web development teams in 2023.

### 4. Rainforest QA 

![rainforest qa screenshot](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_09_18_at_15_58_08_5621ccb18a.png)

[Rainforest QA](https://www.rainforestqa.com) is a comprehensive front-end testing solution that has gained prominence for its extensive features catering to diverse front-end testing needs. It provides a platform that combines automated and manual testing capabilities, offering flexibility and precision to testing teams.

#### Key Features:
- **Test case management**
- **Crowdtesting with a global community of testers**
- **Integration with popular testing tools and frameworks**
- **AI-powered test execution**
- **Real-time reporting and analytics**

Rainforest's holistic approach to front-end testing, encompassing both automation and crowdtesting, empowers organizations to attain meticulous and real-world testing coverage. The integration with AI-driven processes positions it as a valuable asset for achieving testing efficiency and accuracy in 2023.


### 5. TestComplete

![testcomplete screenshot](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/fca05db0_05f9_497f_9eb0_edf870ec4d04_f899033d13.png)

[TestComplete](https://smartbear.com/product/testcomplete/overview/) is a robust and comprehensive test automation tool that caters to both desktop and web apps. It equips testers and developers with a unified platform for creating, executing, and managing automated tests, streamlining the process.

#### Key Features:
- **Cross-platform testing** (Windows, web, mobile)
- **Codeless and script-based test creation**
- **Distributed testing for scalability**
- **Integration with popular CI/CD pipelines**
- **Comprehensive test reporting and analysis**

TestComplete's versatility and cross-platform capabilities make it a versatile choice for organizations in 2023, particularly those dealing with a mix of web and desktop applications.

### 6. Applitools

![applitools](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/applitools_f191290779.png)

[Applitools](https://applitools.com/) distinguishes itself by revolutionizing visual testing with AI-powered functionalities. It offers a visual AI testing platform that allows testers to automate visual validations and effortlessly detect visual discrepancies in web applications.

#### Key Features:
- **Visual AI technology for automated visual testing**
- **Cross-browser and cross-device testing**
- **Integration with popular frameworks and CI/CD pipelines**
- **Intelligent visual validation that detects visual bugs**
- **Root cause analysis for quick issue resolution**

Applitools's innovative approach to visual testing, driven by AI technology, sets it apart as a trailblazer in the field. In 2023, where visual consistency is paramount, Applitools empowers organizations to deliver pixel-perfect user interfaces across diverse environments.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<- 

## Choosing the Right Tool
Consider your team's skills, the tool's features, compatibility, ease of use, integration, support, scalability, and reporting capabilities. Evaluate budget constraints and consider trying tools like [BugBug.io](https://app.bugbug.io/) and [SikuliX](http://sikulix.com/) for free.

## Conclusion
Balancing automation and manual testing, choosing appropriate tools, and following best practices are essential in ensuring quality, functionality, and excellent user experience in web applications.

## FAQ Section

### What is Front End Testing?
It involves evaluating visual and functional elements of web applications to ensure optimal performance and user experience.

### How Important are Front End Testing Tools?
They are vital for automating repetitive tasks, providing accurate results, enhancing user experience, and improving web application performance.

### Which Front End Tool is Best for Performance Testing?
Selection depends on testing requirements, budget, team expertise, and scalability needs. Tools should be chosen based on project-specific needs and requirements.

Happy (automated) testing!


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The Landscape of Front End Testing Tools in 2023

Reliable, modern end-to-end test automation tool that improves testers’ and developers’ work.


Before you release your product into the market, it is extremely important to properly test whether it’s functioning as intended. To do that, software developers utilize a variety of testing techniques that verify the software’s integrity. To thoroughly check their software from start to finish, developers implement **End-to-End testing**, often simply called **E2E** testing – an elaborate technique that mimics end user experience. 

There are many layers to End to End testing, as it is one of the most complex testing methods. This type of testing involves testing every part of your software that the end-user interacts with in any imaginable way.

With this guide, we want to show you the importance of E2E tests, as well as tell you precisely what they are, including a few specific examples.

**Also see:** if you're new to software automation, take a look at this [beginner's guide to automation with step-by-step screenshots](https://docs.bugbug.io/in-depth-guides/beginners-tutorial-to-automation-testing).

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

## What exactly is End-to-End testing?

**End-to-End testing** is one of the most useful and informative techniques for software testing, providing valuable data about the inner workings of the program from the end-user perspective. With E2E testing, developers can thoroughly verify the behaviour of their software. During the test, you will be trying to replicate key user behaviour scenarios when using your software. The actual list of things to do varies, depending on the type of software you’re testing – but in all cases, it is rather extensive.

When performing a software testing method, like an End-to-End test on a web application, you would start with opening your browser and navigating to the proper URL, and then proceeding to use the software as intended for the end-user.

Similarly, in the case of a regular desktop application or mobile application, you would open the app just like a user would, checking out every bit of functionality that is intended for the users to work with. Keep in mind that during E2E testing you won’t need to check developer-specific aspects of the software, only the end-user perspective if it is important to you.

## End-to-End test goals

During an E2E test, your goal is to verify all of the dependencies and data integrity that directly or indirectly influence the reception of the software by the end-user. This usually includes any external services, as well as databases used by the software and metrics, as well as any other system dependencies. 

E2E tests will ideally be performed in the production environment, but this isn’t always possible. The tests can, of course, be performed in an independent End-to-End testing environment, but you should make sure it is as close to the production environment as possible.

Within the SDLC process, E2E tests are performed in the Testing phase, which is situated after Coding and before Deployment. 
->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Why is End-to-End testing important?

Is End-to-End testing necessary? It is true that more and more developers make sure to implement an E2E testing phase before the final deployment of their software. There are many benefits to E2E tests, but the most crucial ones are:

- The ability to verify software performance from the end-user perspective
- Testing verifies not only the software itself but also any interrelated sub systems, increasing test coverage
- Validation of back-end systems
- Immediate end-user-like feedback on test failing

While tests such as unit testing or integration testing are very useful (functional testing), allowing you to verify the working of each component and providing quick results, they don’t give you the whole picture. By not performing E2E tests, you won’t know how the experience of using your software will look like from the end-user perspective.

For example, individual component testing (integration tests) might show promising results and full functionality. However, when combined, something goes wrong and produces a bug. By only checking individual components, you wouldn’t be able to find out about the bug. 

With a proper End-to-End test, you can verify whether everything works correctly together as it should. Even integration testing doesn’t cover all of the system components of your software, and you might never know whether every aspect of your app clicks together.

E2E testing doesn’t necessarily have to discover bugs – it can also give you useful insight into the user scenario of your product. Overall, all types of tests play their respective roles in the whole vertical end-to-end testing process (differently to horizontal end-to-end tests). Just because E2E tests give you a more complex understanding of your software as a whole doesn’t mean that other test types are less valuable. 

Before releasing your app, always make sure to proceed with a thought-through testing strategy. However, while they’re certainly extremely useful, keep in mind that E2E tests occupy the top of the testing pyramid, making them the most expensive and most difficult to perform.

End-to-End testing is also one of the few functional types of tests that can be performed manually, as well as automated - which is done especially often in Continuous Integration. In such a scenario, a chosen set of tests can be run automatically each time a new iteration is uploaded to the testing server.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Benefits of end-to-end testing

One of the goals of this software testing technique is to simulate the end-user's perspective. This means that this type of testing helps to verify not only the security or performance, but the business aspect as well. It will check whether the software collects and processes data as it was designed to do. End-to-end testing is essential for a comprehensive validation of your product. This testing ensures that all integrated parts of the application work together as expected.

Another purpose of E2E testing is to mitigate risks. E2E testing verifies if the software is ready for deployment. The confidence in stability is a crucial factor which the stakeholders consider while approving the next release. 

There are obviously much more obvious benefits of this form of testing (like bug fixing or testing across different user scenarios), but we described them already in this article.

## End-to-End Testing Framework

Alright, so now you know what End-to-End testing is – but how to exactly implement it? There is a wide variety of checks and individual tests that must be covered by your end-to-end testing plan, some of which include:

- Establishing test requirements in the preparation phase (including software and hardware requirements)
- Creating proper documentation
- Deciding what type of test environment will be used (production environment or independent test environment)
- Preparation of test cases and general E2E design
- Tracking of data input and output
- Test execution and evaluation

When executing E2E testing methods, developers usually follow an established E2E testing framework that guides you throughout the process, enumerating various tasks and responsibilities. The framework is relatively simple and consists of only three elements:

### Establish user functions

The User Functions relates to listing the features of your software, as well as all of its interconnected software systems. To properly measure and test software functionality, you need to first think about what you’re going to test. After you’re finished with listing user functions, remember to record everything relevant to each of them, including both the input and output data. Since E2E testing can be considered holistic, you also need to pay attention to all of the relations between every individual function – how they work together and whether there are any clashes.

### Come up with specific conditions

Now that you have established the user functions you’re going to test, you need to think about the testing conditions. Try to come up with as many quantifiable indicators that can be measured for each of the functions. These can range from response time to consistency of data flow, to simple convenience of use. Remember – you’re trying to imagine yourself as an end-user, so try to keep track of anything that might be an issue for a non-developer.

### Create individual test cases

Finally, before the E2E testing can commence, you need to prepare specific test cases for each of the conditions. At this point, you have prepared a list of user functions to test, as well as data conditions that will be measured during the test. Now, you need to create at least one test case for each of the conditions. By test cases, we mean user scenarios during which specific indicators will be able to be measured.

And by test case preparation status, we mean the precise location of the test instances being developed, as compared to intended test cases.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## End-to-end test cases for your testing process

Congratulations, you’ve almost reached the end! At this point, you should pretty much be a walking fountain of knowledge about End-to-End tests. However, the raw theory is one thing, and implementing those types of tests for system testing in reality is another. To make the process a bit more digestible, consider this End-to-End testing example for a website with shopping functionality:

- Go to the specified URL
- Open a list of products
- Check whether the information on the list correlates with specific product pages
- Try to add the product to the cart and look for visible confirmation
- Navigate to the cart and check whether the product has been successfully added
- Double-check all of the relevant information (price, product info, etc.)
- Proceed with the check-out and verify payment options integration

See how simple it is in the end? Now you can implement E2E testing methodology in your software to ensure better end-user reception, increase your product quality, and build a positive brand image.

This is just a high level example. If you would like to learn how to create a proper test case from start to end, please check out our article on [test case creation](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/how-to-write-automation-test-cases/). You will have a better understanding on how to design test cases for manual and automatic testing. Also check out our other topics in our testing guide. 

## End to End testing tools

Proper tools may play a crucial role in reducing your effort by automating your end-to-end tests. These tools provide a range of features and capabilities to support horizontal testing and vertical testing of the entire system. They allow testers to perform comprehensive testing processes. Choosing a proper tool for testing is typically a long-term investment. If you research and choose a tool that will enable you to execute and record complex user scenarios and allow testing across multiple technologies, your job will be way easier. 

One of the tools that meet such requirements is BugBug. This automated testing tool proved its efficiency for many clients. On the picture below you might see how many steps might an end-to-end scenario actually have.

![n example of a passed test with a proper output statement.](https://bugbug-homepage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/88bc1d9e_16f8_4e1a_b33d_15e2a8d17cdf_cdfc84abfc.webp)

## Summary

End-to-end testing is a type of testing that focuses on validating the whole system from start to finish rather then testing individual functionalities. It is often seen as a software testing methodology, but it is not the case. It may be a part of a methodology (i.e. Agile testing) but it is by definition a type of software testing. 

Performing end-to-end testing covers an important task of checking data flows and focuses on testing if any functional gaps occur. This type of testing is necessary to verify if the software is ready for the next release cycle.

## Frequently Asked Questions

1. **What is automated testing?** \
Automated testing in software development is a form of software testing that uses the execution of predefined sets of operations to probe and validate the software system. The fundamental purpose of automation testing in software development is to generate objective feedback about the quality of the product. One such testing tool is Selenium. It can run UI tests. The ideal situation is to run E2E tests with both manual testing and automated testing approaches. If your application has a lot of complicated user interfaces, you'll need more end-to-end testing.

2. **What is software development lifecycle?** \
Software development lifecycle (SDLC) is the process used by developers to create, deploy and maintain software. This process includes several steps that are all closely connected with one another. These steps include requirements gathering, analysis and design, coding and testing.

3. **What is a testing pyramid?** \
In software development projects, we have limited time and resources. This is why it's important to consider our test efforts carefully and find the right balance between different types of testing. Basically, there are 3 layers in the testing pyramid: Unit Tests, Integration Tests, and E2E Tests.

3. **What is a selector?** \
A selector is a small piece of code that describes a specific button in your app. It allows you to clearly define what should be clicked in automated end-to-end tests. You can learn more about selectors using [this interactive XPath learning tool](https://bugbug.io/xpath-selector-builder/?ref=blogarticle)



Happy (automated) testing!


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What is End-to-End (E2E) Testing?

Professional Quality Evangelist, experienced in testing web and mobile applications.  
[linkedin.com/in/kinga-witko-b5bba659/](https://linkedin.com/in/kinga-witko-b5bba659/)

Kinga Witko

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

The term “shift left” expresses movement. It can describe the movement of an entire team or individuals.
What does it do in a project or an entire development lifecycle? Putting it simply,  it reflects the position of testing on a timeline. 

**Shift Left means testing earlier in the development process.** It also means repositioning the engagement, development, and testing efforts towards the customer.


Typically, in a traditional (waterfall) model of software making, testing lands at the end of the pipeline or is one of the last phases of the process. Bringing testing at the very last stage usually causes many problems such as:

- delays in the deployment
- a lot of bugs at the end of the development lifecycle
- bugs discovered just before or after the release to production
- lack of collaboration between developers and testers through the entire process.

Poor software quality is one of the most harmful consequences of all of these pains listed above.

At first, the team members do not communicate with each other and they fail to communicate the problems early. 

It must not necessarily be a bug; sometimes there is some issue with the application setup, there is no testing environment, access to certain resources (such as specific tooling or external software providers), the task description is vague, or the team setup is incorrect. 

If communicated and fixed earlier, the entire process can be smoother and cause less frustration in the team. It also encourages people to focus more on the code quality and to deliver earlier and faster.

Most of those issues can be avoided by changing the style of working and shifting testing efforts at the beginning of the process.
->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Agile way of working

If you care about the quality of your product, your mindset has probably shifted left already.

This approach is strongly connected with the agile way of thinking and using agile work methods in software projects.


In this setup, testing is an integrated part of the team and accelerates software development at higher quality. As a result, testers can identify bugs sooner, saving time and effort. Notably, the earlier you test, the less expensive bugs are to fix.


[T The Seven Testing Principles (ISTQB)](https://www.istqb.org/downloads/syllabi/foundation-level-syllabus.html) tell that testing everything is not possible unless a system or functionality is very simple. In practice, however,  the testing efforts should be targeted appropriately at the risk analysis, techniques, and bugs prioritization rather than be attempted thorough testing. 


One of the good methods of approaching testing strategy for a specific application can be the guideline from [Agile Testing Quadrants](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/agile-testing-quadrants/). The quadrants are a taxonomy to help teams plan the testing process and testing activities and make sure they have all the resources they need to accomplish it.


## Shift Left approach and DevOps and agile background

With the rise of the DevOps movement, there is an increased focus on delivering automated, continuous improvement. It holds true for development and testing alike.

What is more, Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) are core software development disciplines integrated into the agile software development cycle. The point is to release fully-tested and stable builds early and as often as possible. Development, delivery, and test automation are crucial components of this process. 

## What it means to “Shift Left”

As mentioned at the beginning, Shift Left testing pushes testing to the “left”, to the earlier stages in the pipeline. This improves software quality and reduces time spent on resolving issues later in the pipeline.

Introducing testing early on the “left-side” of the development process, starting with unit tests and complementing with functional and integration tests is fundamental to making CI/CD happen. But that may not be enough.

The team can go even further: to eliminate unclear and contradicting requirements and improve the end-user experience, it is best to involve test engineers in the clarifying and prioritising application requirements. Test engineers can check the available or newly created requirements or user stories for clarity, consistency, testability, and traceability.

This also improves the shift towards client happiness. An early review of the requirements and spotting the flaws marks an early start of the communication with the end-user. 

The Shift Left approach introduces more care and thought exchange concerning the client. The team can be perceived as more proactive and more dedicated to the best quality standards of a project.
->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Benefits of Shift Left Testing for Agile and Devops teams

Agile teams benefit most from Shift Left Testing in terms of clearer specifications, smoother implementations, earlier testing, and reduced costs. However, Shift Right Testing has more benefits like the ability to incorporate user and system feedback based on real usage scenarios. 

In opposition to testing early, Shift Right can provide an additional context to the testing scenarios. Shifting right means testing at the end of the process, typically when the software is deployed to production (the post-production environment). 

It is performed by a group of experts or selected end-users. It can utilize testing methods such as API Monitoring, using Feature Toggles, or measuring the performance of a live application. 

This helps to understand the application better and discover some other flaws that could have been omitted earlier.

Nevertheless, when quality comes first:

- developers spend more time on coding because they discuss potentially good solutions - they do not investigate who pushes the code first into production without testing

- there are Unit Tests beside the application code, available and maintainable

- there is an infrastructure that allows testing before pushing to production, usually the entire team is responsible for the process health

- there is room for improvement and mistakes

- developers pair up to catch obvious errors on the fly and learn from one another

- teams estimate tasks together, taking quality and risks into account

- potential risks in the systems are spotted and minimized rather than left alone

And finally - the application is tested - not only by one automated or manual test  but by a set of different functional and non-functional scenarios. 

The tests are regularly reviewed, adjusted, and observed. This approach introduces a new way of working and highlights the value of testing.


## Benefits of the Shift-Left Testing approach

The idea of shift left testing is simple to understand but hard to implement in the development cycle. It is worth the effort though, especially when the team and the entire organization understands the main benefits of this approach, such as:

- Lower costs - as explained above, bugs detected earlier are less expensive to fix.

- Increased efficiency in the software development process.

- Improved product quality and reliability because more bugs are detected at earlier stages.

- Reduced time to market since the QA process covers the entire development cycle, not only its’ last phase.

- A competitive advantage gained by letting development teams move fast, build and defend their credibility by innovating in iterations.
->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


## Get started with “Shift Left” Testing in Agile

How to approach the change and switch to early software testing? Here is the basic list: 


1. **Plan**

Shape development in a way that is friendly to Shift Left testing. Once the requirements have been established, developers and testers should ideate how to shape the coding and software testing as early as possible. 


Depending on the product expectations as well as the limitations of the team, specific strategies, such as involving testers in the project since the planning phase or using the TDD approach, might have to be crafted to accommodate the Shift Left way of working.


2.** Review the requirements**

It is best to verify not only the existing code but also all the requirements necessary for the code to be written. Early verification can spot obvious mistakes.


3. **Use Static Code Analysis**

Static code analysis is the practice of checking the code without executing it. It runs through the basic code structure and ensures that the code is aligned with many standards and guidelines. By following the approach the team can early detect:

- Programming errors

- Violations of commonly followed coding standards

- Syntax anomalies

- Security issues

A static code analysis is best done via automation. The software should scan all untested codes in a project before it moves to the test phase.

4. **Collaborate**

As in any other [agile testing](https://bugbug.io/blog/software-testing/agile-testing-organized-chaos-or-a-planned-way-of-improving-your-software/) technique - early software testing requires a lot of collaboration with the team: Developers, Product Managers, Business Analysts, and other stakeholders responsible for the overall product. 

Everybody needs to understand the value of the Shift Left approach and spot the difference after some time of the new process introduction because as a result, the client benefits from better software quality and receives a lovable product.

## Conclusion for Left Shift Testing in test automation

There are a number of benefits to left shift testing in test automation. One of the primary benefits is that it helps to identify defects earlier in the development cycle. This means that defects can be caught and addressed before they become more complex and costly to fix. In addition, left shift testing can help to reduce the overall time and effort required for testing by identifying and addressing issues earlier in the process.

Another benefit of left shift testing in test automation is that it can help to improve the quality of the software being developed. By identifying and addressing defects earlier in the process, developers can ensure that the software they are creating is of higher quality and meets the requirements of the end-users.
->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-


One of the keys to successful left shift testing in test automation is to incorporate testing into the development process **from the very beginning**. This means that testing is not an afterthought or an additional step at the end of the development process, but rather an integral part of the development process itself. Test automation tools and frameworks can be used to automate testing activities and make it easier to incorporate testing into the development process.

It is also important to involve testers in the development process as early as possible. This allows them to provide feedback and identify potential issues before they become more complex and difficult to fix. Testers can also work with developers to ensure that the code being developed is testable, and that the testing process is efficient and effective.

Overall, **left shift testing is an important approach in test automation that can help to improve the quality of software, reduce testing time and effort, and identify defects earlier in the development process**. By incorporating testing into the development process from the very beginning, developers and testers can work together to create software that is of higher quality and meets the needs of the end-users.

Happy (automated) testing!

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Shift Left Testing Explained

Software developer currently working as a tech writer and PM.  
[linkedin.com/in/marcin-%C5%82ojewski-a4191518/](https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcin-%C5%82ojewski-a4191518/)

Marcin Łojewski

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Testing Tools for Web Application - The Ultimate Guide 2023

Testing is an ever-present part of a software developer’s job, performed at every stage of the production process. There is a wide range of test types used for software testing, some performed at various points during production, and some performed after production to confirm that the software functions as intended.

Regression testing is performed on a product that has already been finished and released. How exactly is it performed? What are the objectives and how does the procedure look? If you’re keen to find out, keep on reading as we explain everything you should know about regression testing.

[TABLE_OF_CONTENTS]

## The definition of Regression Testing

**Regression testing** is a software testing method that aims to investigate and locate any possible flaws or bugs in software that has already been fully developed. Regression Testing is performed to find out whether your software has regressed (surprise, surprise) as you continue introducing new updates and bug fixes. Whenever a piece of software is changed in any way, new bugs might emerge and some of the older ones re-emerge.

Most often, regression testing is performed immediately after introducing a new update, but it isn’t the only factor that might call for the test. If any software or hardware-related factor has changed, regression testing should be committed to find out whether everything performs as it has before the change. 

This can include any sort of bug fixes and software changes, but regression might also be caused by hardware configuration changes and electronic component degradation over time. Regression testing isn’t easy – it requires cooperation and diligence out of all of the team members, which makes it perfect for agile software development practices.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Regression Testing process

As with most testing efforts regression testing is an art rather than science. Let us describe the regression testing process that our development team uses. You may then use and adapt it to your existing test strategy. As regression testing is a type of testing that occurs whenever any change in your software occurs, the smartest way to start is to..

### Identify code changes

This will allow you to asses the number of test cases for regression testing that will need to be created. The testing team will need information on the impact that the current changes may have on the whole application. This is done also during this step.

### Prioritize changes

You finished step one with a list. Now you need to create a queue out of it. By proper prioritizing the changes in your software application you reduce the amount of time you will use on 

### Select for re-run

This is the part where the selection of test cases is performed. After the first test is done, test cases are categorized into reusable and obsolete ones. The reusable ones create a regression test suite. The others are will not be used for regression. 

### Categorize manual and automated regression test cases

Here is where the test automation actually begins. Test cases that occur more often within one process are perfect candidates to for the automation tool to do the work for you. If you want to automate tests in a fast and efficient way, try BugBug as your tool for regression testing. You will soon find out that it is great to reduce regression testing costs.

### Prioritize test cases

Here is where regression testing becomes a tad tricky. One would think, that the most often occurring test cases should have the biggest priority, right? Well the theory on that one is a tad different. The need for regression testing, therefor the priority, is the highest for those cases, that cover all essential features. The lowest on the other hand are stated as "technical complexities". 

### Plan and execute

This one is rather obvious, but we have to put it here. After doing all the analysis, you have to plan when regression testing is done and "push the execute button". 

## Regression Testing techniques

Regression testing can include various functional and non-functional tests in its process to thoroughly investigate the software in search of flaws. There are also many techniques with which developers and QA specialists perform regression testing, including:

- Retest All
- Regression Test Selection
- Test Case Prioritization
- Hybrid approach

### Retest All – an accurate yet expensive solution

**The Retest All ** technique is the most accurate and all-around method of regression testing, but it is also the most expensive one. In Retest All, every test case is checked again on the software to confirm if all of its parts are working as intended. That’s all there is to Retest All – it might be simple in definition, but it is definitely the hardest and most costly technique to actually perform.

### Regression Test Selection – when you realize you might not have enough for a Retest All

**Regression Test Selection** has been designed as a solution to the expensive nature of the Retest All technique. In RTS we don’t run all of the tests in our test suite, but instead we divide all of the tests into three categories – reusable test cases, retestable test cases, and obsolete test cases. In addition, RTS might actually create new test cases that haven’t been in the suite before, but might be relevant for regression tests.

If you’re interested in finding out more about regression testing examples, we recommend taking a look at Understanding Regression Testing Techniques by Gaurav Duggal and Bharti Suri. The authors further divide RTS techniques, naming two most important categories – coverage techniques and minimization techniques, and explain what are safe techniques.

**Coverage techniques** feature specific coverage criteria, often provided by the client who wants their software regression tested. These techniques sift through all test cases, selecting only the ones that are relevant for the covered parts of your software. **Minimization techniques** work in a way similar to coverage techniques, but instead of selecting cases based on set criteria, you select a minimum set of cases that you think will do the job.

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

### Test Case Prioritization – a rational approach

**Test Case Prioritization** aims to maximize the rate of fault detection, creating the most thorough regression test for the lowest cost. First you prioritize the test cases one by one. Then all of them are performed in order, starting from the most important one and finishing on the least important one. Thanks to that, even if your resources aren’t enough to perform all of the tests in your suite, you will still perform the ones that should detect the most flaws.

**TSP** might be performed in two ways – the first one, called **General Prioritization**, selects test cases that should be effective (on average) on all versions of the software you’re working with. The other way, called Version Specific **Prioritization**, only takes into account a specific version of the software, without considering other existing or potential future versions.

### Hybrid approach – the best of both worlds

When choosing one technique of regression testing is impossible – why not combine the best features of Regression Test Selection and Test Case Prioritization? 

The hybrid approach is still being developed, and every researcher gives a personal spin on the idea. Since there isn’t an exact definition of what a hybrid approach actually is, there are tons of versions available – each one with its own upsides and downsides.

## Regression Testing tools

Regression testing ensures that each version of your software runs smoothly. We have described various regression testing techniques, but our article would not be complete without a few hints of what tool to use for proper test execution. 

Regression testing is used on an incremented basis. Each release of your software means building another layer of an already high pile of multiple regression test cases. A good tool will allow you to perform regression tests without writing a single line of code. 

If you want a specific list of tools, please redirect to our article [HERE](https://bugbug.io/blog/guides/testing-tools-for-web-application/).

->[Automate your tests for free](https://app.bugbug.io/sign-up/){.markdown-cta}<-

## Disadvantages of regression testing

Well now that's a shocker isn't it? We have many articles on testing in the BugBug blog, and never have I ever wrote anything negative about testing. Until now. We found four "buts" on regression testing and we tried to tackle them immediately.

- "but regression testing is time consuming" - yes, but only if you only perform a manual test, this is why selecting a good testing tool is essential
- "but you have to do it after even the smallest patch" - yes, but this is why you build a good regression cycle. You store all the recurring tests and only build a few on top of them for that given patch. It is like CI/CD for your testing process
- "but that process might interfere with the sprint planning" - only if you do regression tests without automation. Think of it from a business perspective - would you have a task that goes cross-sprint or a large bug in the production environment?
- "but it is difficult, to write those test cases" - ah, an oldie but a goodie. There are great no-code regression testing tools. Those might be used not only by QA or other technical personnel but by a PM. Such a person would be even able to automate the test or record and recreate it. 

Regression testing is one of the key ways to have your code thoroughly checked and ready to start earning you money!

## Conclusion – is Regression Testing necessary?

As you have already learned, regression testing plays a key role in keeping the quality of your software as high as possible for as long as possible. Updates and changes to your software might introduce new problems, which is exactly why regression testing is so important – to keep user experience high throughout all iterations of your program.

Not all projects require regression testing, of course. In projects that are already finished and won’t be further updated, regression testing is mostly irrelevant. However, if you are planning to continue development further – never forget to properly regression test your software before releasing an update.


Happy (automated) testing!

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I write about technology and help people who use it. I've always been fascinated by the details of things - how they work and what makes them tick. That's why I love writing about tech!  
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